The Murder of Taylor Behl

Ethical Dilemmas Of The Medical Settings - 1201 Words

In current medical settings, complex ethical dilemmas do arise as a result of advancing treatment techniques and increasingly diverse patient value systems (Ito Natsume, 2016). Going through the case, it is clear that there is an ethical dilemma and it can be seen from different perspectives. The dilemma is whether or not the 6-year-old child should be provided treatment by the physician in the hospital, without the consent of the child’s mother. The physician who diagnosed the child with meningitis is in a dilemma. The professional ethics in medicine require that physicians should undertake the diagnosis and treatment of their patient, however, they should not administer treatment without the consent of their patient. In this case, since the patient is a minor child, the consent must be sought from the parents. The child’s mother is a Christian scientist and not the child’s biological parent. On religious grounds, she insists that the child should not be provid ed with any medical treatment. Upon asking for permission, the biological father consents to the administration of treatment and seeks independent consultation from another physician. He is ethically right in asking for the treatment of his child, without which he would be deprived of his right to ensure the health of his child. At the same time, the school also has an implied ethical duty to ensure that the child who has been diagnosed with meningitis receives proper treatment. In this situation, to ensure theShow MoreRelatedIdentifying The Ethical Dilemma Of The Medical Settings1211 Words   |  5 PagesIdentifying the Ethical Dilemma In current medical settings, complex ethical dilemmas do arise as a result of advancing treatment techniques and increasingly diverse patient value systems† (Ito Natsume, 2016). After reviewing the case, it is clear that there is an ethical dilemma and it can be seen from different perspectives. The dilemma is if the 6-year-old child should be given treatment or not by the physician in the hospital, without the consent of the child’s mother. The doctor who diagnosedRead MoreEthical Dilemmas in Healthcare1032 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: ETHICAL DILEMMAS IN THE HEALTHCARE SETTING Ethical Dilemmas in Healthcare Harold Ben Harris Jr. Trident University International BHS365 - Ethics in the Healthcare Setting (Mod 1 - SLP) Charles Spach November 3rd, 2012 Abstract Session Long Project: The goal of the Session Long Project is to identify and evaluate the ethical principles used in resolving ethical dilemmas, and to apply the principles to specific ethical issues that may haveRead MoreUnderstand Ethical Principles in Relation to Providing Support for Individuals797 Words   |  4 PagesP4 amp; P5: Understand ethical principles in relation to providing support for individuals Ethical Principles When working in a health or social care setting professional practitioners are very often with situations involving moral dilemmas. Therefore it is important for the health, care and social workers to understand morality and the meaning of moral decisions and how they are linked to the practice of heath and social care. Health and social care workers also will need to have a clear understandingRead MoreImproper Comprehension And The Practice Of Proper Patient Care944 Words   |  4 Pagesneeded for ensuring the practice of proper patient care. Improper comprehension can take away from proper patient care so it is critical to relate textbook terms to real life examples. Although learning medical definitions through a book can be beneficial, terms like veracity, autonomy, ethical dilemma, and fidelity are better understood using the clinical examples from The Doctor because it helps said terms to be used properly and ensure correct comprehension. Being honest with your patient is partRead MoreEthical Decisions. Ethical Dilemmas Are A Common Incidence984 Words   |  4 PagesEthical Decisions Ethical dilemmas are a common incidence in the nursing practice. Many ethical dilemmas can arise in medical settings because of the conflict between patients, patient’s family, and institutions (Black, 2017). Since there are so many situations that are caused within the clinical settings, nurses have to think and make right decisions for patients to be safe by following the Code of Ethics. When nurses need to decide for the medical dilemmas, they have to think what values theyRead MoreMovie Review : Wit ( 2001 )1074 Words   |  5 Pageswe will encounter such situations wherein we come across those patients who have been terminally ill and as nurses we need to guarantee that we can promote life and protect our patient’s interest. There will come a time when we might face some ethical dilemmas regarding our care for our patients that makes it difficult for us to morally decide on which action to take. But as nurses, we follow professional guidelines which help us in deciding which action is morally right and to ensure that the patientsRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of Nurses Face Ethical Dilemmas843 Words   |  4 Pagesclinical setting, nurses face ethical dilemmas everyday. There is no perfect answer to ethical dilemmas in clinical area. It is important to identify ethics related situation, work as a team to address these problems and provide support for patie nt and families. Dealing with dilemmas is not just a nursing issue. But the role and function of nurses could affect whole team member and their patients too. In the given scenario, two different views of parents for the sick child create dilemmas. MotherRead MoreApplying Ethical Framework in Practice Essay1161 Words   |  5 PagesThe ethical principle of confidentiality demands nondisclosure of private or secret information about another person with which one is entrusted. In hospital settings, nurses have the responsibility to maintain patient’s private information confidential and sharing only those information that are necessary to provide patient care. According to the ICN Code of Ethics for Nurses (2006), â€Å"The nurse holds in confidence personal information and uses judgment in sharing this information.† MaintainingRead MoreApache V. Apache IIi System : Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation And The First System887 Words   |  4 Pagescompares each individual s medical profile against nearly 18,000 cases in its memory before reaching a prognosis that is, on average, 95 percent accurate (Open Clinical website, 2005). This system can be used in the Intensive Care Unit setting and it can predict the patient’s risk of dying in the Intensive Care Unit. 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Emotion and Culture Paper Free Essays

Emotion and Culture Paper Kerry Rogers PS2000 Intro to Psychology Professor Eva Owen March 20, 2013 Evaluating the culture-specific and culturally universal aspects of emotional expression. Also, evaluate how this is related to evolutionary psychology. Be sure to discuss how you would integrate this with a Christian worldview. We will write a custom essay sample on Emotion and Culture Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Culture-specific or culturally universal expressions dominate the lifestyle of very culture on every nation on earth. And language is not as much of a bearer as one might think. Now lets look at the word â€Å"culture† to get a deeper understanding of the meaning. The word culture has many different meanings; let me give you some examples†¦ For some it means, a appreciation of good food, or literature or music and yes even art. Which for some is an enquired taste. Many books have been written on the subject, so we are never for a lac of understanding. â€Å"For news of the heart, ask the face. As people of differing cultures and races, do our faces speak differing languages? Which face expresses disgust? Anger? Fear? or Happiness? Sadness? Surprise? Those are just some of the question asked by very culture. From a psychological aspect researchers have found that happy people tend to have high self-esteem. People also tend to be optimistic, outgoing, and agreeable. They have close friendships and more satisfying marriages. And more importantly they have a more active faith. However happiness seems not much related to other factors such as: Age, gender, parenthood and physical attractiveness. A wealth of studies has revealed another curious correlation, called the faith factor. Religiously active people tend to live longer than those who are not religiously active. Health and other factors have an affect on our life’s outcome. I am not sure how culture and psychology work into a Christian worldview, but I do know that God does affect very culture and aspect of very human life that was born or will be born. Whether you believe that God is your creator or not does not negate from the truth. Evolution is a theory and a lie that came from human evolutionary lies that have been handed down for the past two hundred years. While Christianity, has been around since the beginning of time. You want more proof all you have to do is read the book, the book that has been reprinted and read more than any other book. Christianity is full of culture and life stories that give history like no other lifestyle known by man. How to cite Emotion and Culture Paper, Papers

Shelly’S Novel Essay Paper Example For Students

Shelly’S Novel Essay Paper Frankenstein, the novel is an amazing book for a majority of people. Mary Shellys Frankenstein has remained a tremendous novel. It has been suggested by one critic that the novel Frankenstein and the creature itself has become a metaphor for our own cultural crises. Frankenstein and the monster have equally developed themselves as a metaphor as there is an immense number of comparisons created by Mary Shelly simultaneously through out the novel. Mary Shelly has published a variety of novels including the ghost story which evidently gave birth and enhanced a Frankensteinian mythology, which has concentrated upon images of trepidation and monstrosity at the expense of other issues. Mary Shelly deals with numerous significant ideas in the novel Frankenstein, Frankenstein is not a mundane book it depicts atrocity, benevolence and malevolence   My rage is unspeakable when I reflect that the murderer, whom I have turned loose upon society, still exists. This quote describes malevolence as it infiltrates wickedness and evilness. It is said that Frankenstein the novel describes atrocity, benevolence and malevolence because of this Frankenstein the novel is not an escone, it describes hatred and the monster himself makes the novel perplex, he causes disruptive scenes, because of this the monster is detrimental. Mary Shelly has studied and examined the study of philosophy in reference to interfering with nature by reading miscellaneous novels. She thoroughly investigated her fathers and husbands library exploring a wide range of materials in order to extend her awareness of contemporary scientific and philosophical debate. Mary Shellys views of interfering with nature subsequently remains ambiguous. She publishes the novel Frankenstein to illustrate the effectiveness of interfering with nature and the consequences that may arise. Mary Shelly developed Victors characteristics by making him immensely interested in interfering with nature. In the first few chapters she demonstrates Victors passion for creating an object/creature and bringing it to reality. Victor develops hes experience and knowledge and decides to use vermachilli a type of pasta to create life. This infiltrates that Victor is exceptionally eager to create life with anything and he starts off by trying to animate pasta.  Victor finally becomes successful and creates a monster The Monster. When Victor visualises the Monster after its birth he is disenchanted. Mary Shelly uses deceitful quotes to describe Victors inner feelings and personal opinions of the creation he has created. This implies that it will take a long extent of time to overcome the creation entirely. Victors unsatisfying creation causes him to leave the monster and abandon him leaving the monster deserted and frightened as a result the monster leaves Victors home where he was born in and becomes assimilate.  Leaving the monster creates a great effect on the monster and the monster feels he has been abandoned and neglected. Victor is unacquainted of this abandonment and maintains hes life hoping the monster never returns. The monster sustains hes own life but in search for hes creator. After months and days passed the sun has dawned, the monster meets William a close relative of Victor as close as hes brother. The monster unintentionally kills William it was an unexpected murder but time only elapses. Murdering William is used as an influential activity as the monster became more intense inside himself. Victor and hes surrounding family become aware of this atrocious tragedy and are in search for the assassin. Victor is aware of the executioner and is also on a distinct search from hes family.  After time has passed Victor meets the monster providentially and the monster summarises hes reason for the demise of William.  Victor was extremely exasperated but he was also predicament as hes family were eager to discover who the eradicator is. .u61d1d304d07eae3aed927356d81caced , .u61d1d304d07eae3aed927356d81caced .postImageUrl , .u61d1d304d07eae3aed927356d81caced .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u61d1d304d07eae3aed927356d81caced , .u61d1d304d07eae3aed927356d81caced:hover , .u61d1d304d07eae3aed927356d81caced:visited , .u61d1d304d07eae3aed927356d81caced:active { border:0!important; } .u61d1d304d07eae3aed927356d81caced .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u61d1d304d07eae3aed927356d81caced { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u61d1d304d07eae3aed927356d81caced:active , .u61d1d304d07eae3aed927356d81caced:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u61d1d304d07eae3aed927356d81caced .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u61d1d304d07eae3aed927356d81caced .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u61d1d304d07eae3aed927356d81caced .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u61d1d304d07eae3aed927356d81caced .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u61d1d304d07eae3aed927356d81caced:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u61d1d304d07eae3aed927356d81caced .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u61d1d304d07eae3aed927356d81caced .u61d1d304d07eae3aed927356d81caced-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u61d1d304d07eae3aed927356d81caced:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Poetry Essay SummaryVictor also knew that Justine Marvitz the servant of the family was fallaciously accused of the murder but she was guilty because of evidential support. Justine explained several times she was absent at the time of the murder but as they found a pendent in Williams pocket and they also found that duplicate pendent in Justines pocket they immediately accused her, because of the evidence Justine was hung to death.

Brisoes Homeware Essay Example

Brisoes Homeware Essay International Business Programme Introduction to International Business Disclaimer: The information furnished in this report is purely for academic purposes and in no way does it reflect the firm’s position in reality. Prepare by Jason Word Count: 2018 excluding references Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Findings 4 2. 1 Briscoes Homeware 4 2. 1. 1 Company Background and Current Operations 4 2. 1. 2 Reasons for Expansion 5 2. 2 Target Market Selection 6 2. 2. 1 Aspects of Business Environment in China 6 2. 2. Comparison of China and Japan 7 2. 3 Entry Mode Selection 8 2. 3. 1 Comparison of Entry Modes 8 3. Conclusion 10 1. Introduction The main scope of this report is based on the current position of Briscoes Homeware and the economy environment of Asian countries. Also entry methods of foreign investment are being analysed for the choice of entering a foreign market. Recommendations based on personal point of view were stated for Briscoes Homeware in order to avoid risk s of foreign investment. 2. Findings 2. 1 Briscoes Homeware *2. 1. * Company Background and Current Operations 2. 1. 2 Reasons for Expansion 2. 2 Target Market Selection 2. 2. 1 Aspects of Business Environment in China In China, Chinese concept of Face has something to do with the image or credibility of the person to dealing with. People should never, insult, embarrass, shame, yell at or otherwise demean a person. In ancient times, a Chinese warrior chief, after losing a battle, may commit suicide because he has lost face. While this may no longer occur, the concept of face remains alive and well in China. Awareness of face and its impact is an extremely important cultural issue. 2. 2. 2 Comparison of China and Japan 2. 3 Entry Mode Selection 2. 3. 1 Comparison of Entry Modes Exporting is the marketing and direct sale of goods in foreign country, which is a traditional way of approaching foreign markets. It offers a company the complete control over production to reach the target market with a low-cost initial investment. In contrast, the low-cost manufacture and high cost of transport or tariff might create a barrier for products exporting. Franchising is an independent operator buying an existing business from the owner to gain the right to distribute its products, techniques, and trademarks in a particular way that required by the franchisor. It could cause difficulties to the franchisor to monitor the operational activities and procedures of a foreign franchisee. A wholly owned subsidiary refers to a firm as the foreign investors own 100 percent of its shares. Entering a wholly owned subsidiary requires knowledge of foreign management with high risk and commitment. We will write a custom essay sample on Brisoes Homeware specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Brisoes Homeware specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Brisoes Homeware specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It can help the firm to avoid problems of integration and retain full control of its operation. 2. 3. 2 Selected Entry Mode Justification 3. Conclusion 3. 1 Summary Briscoes Homeware is one of the largest retailers in home ware appliance in New Zealand. The revenue and profit are under the negative effect of the financial crisis since 2008. China is the most appropriate place for its expansion as the target market since the large population as the potential consumer, and the low labour cost as the clear advantage over Japan. After comparison of several entry methods for Briscoes Homeware to set up business in a foreign market, joint venture would be more appropriate than other entry modes. The knowledge of local environment and the business linkage are the main advantages of Briscoes Homeware to form a partnership with local firms. 3. 2 Recommendations In China, even the living standards have improved substantially; the incomes and consumption of average household still remain quite low in rural areas. Urban areas with higher purchase power of potential customers would be the ideal location of Briscoes Homeware to set up new stores. Choose the right partner is the key factor of success in a joint venture. Collecting information of candidates’ linkage and experience in local business environment should be carried out as well as examining their distribution network and facilities. Before Briscoes Homeware makes the decision to choose a suitable partner, certain period of time is required to conduct the research on local firms. 4. References Briscoe Group Ltd. (2009). Director Profiles. Retrieved July 11, 2009 from http://www. briscoegroup. co. nz/content. asp? cont=directors Briscoe Group Ltd. (2009). Annual Report: For the Period End 25 January 2009. Retrieved July 11, 2009 from http://www. briscoegroup. co. nz/documents/BR2590%20Ann%20Report%2009%20V10. pdf Dallas, N. (2007). How to Do Business in China: 24 Lessons in Engaging the Dragon. NSW: McGraw-Hill. McGregor, J. (2005). One Billion Customers: Lessons _From the Front Lines of Doing Business in China_. New York: Free Press.

Anorexia and Bulimia Essay Example

Anorexia and Bulimia Essay Example Anorexia and Bulimia Essay Anorexia and Bulimia Essay Anorexia and Bulimia Lamentable Cochran-Howard Psychology 2301 Anorexia and Bulimia are eating disorders which can cause serious health issues such as The physical stress of vomiting can cause tears in the lining of the esophagi. These tears may bleed massively or cause the esophagi to rupture (Life Changes). Anorexia and Bulimia are more common in girls because we want to be perfect, we want to fit into society and be looked at as the hot skinny girl. If your anorexic then youre going to not eat as much, or at all that way you can maintain the weight that you want. The perfect example of someone who is anorexic re fashion models because they are always striving to be thin and would do whatever it takes to be thin. You start to see a lot more problems with anorexia and bulimia in college students because we are always trying to uphold a certain image. I know that as a girl and being in college along with being a cheerleader, Im supposed to be the small skinny girl that people can lift up in the air, because thats the image that comes along with being a cheerleader. I can tell you that from experience there has been times where I felt like I shouldnt eat because I had a game later on or a performance and I wanted to look skinny (l did eat though). Anorexia and Bulimia are eating disorders that shouldnt be talked about lightly, they are serious problems. Anorexia nervous is an illness of self-starvation resulting in marked weight loss and characterized by a disturbed sense of body image and anxiety about weight gain (Anorexia Nervous). According to Web MD the award-winning website in medicine, there is not one specific cause of anorexia; however, there are different reasons that one may become anorexic. An eating disorder is about more than Just the food, it is about the control on ones life or how he/she copes with painful events in life (NEED Para. 9). Eating disorders are most common in professions or cultures where there is an emphasis on being thin. Television, magazines and movies have made an unrealistic image of perfect. In the United States, as many as 10 million females and 1 million males suffer from eating disorders such as anorexia or bulimia (NEED Statistics Para. 13). The pressure to be thin has risen indefinitely, especially when we see sports and professions such as swimming, wrestling, gymnastics, modeling and acting demanding a thin and lean body. In consequence, young teenage girls may strive to be perfect, on top pressures such as self-confidence, Ochs on high achievement, being concerned about appearance, and worry about girls. For example, according to Linda Smoke in the department of Psychology at Kenyon College, it has been shown that 80% of American women are dissatisfied with their appearance this would fall under the psychological factor of low self-esteem or depression. Along with that, genetics have a big part to play in anorexia (Web MD). Even if you do not have a family member with anorexia, someone may have a history of obesity, or a mood disorder (such as anxiety or depression). In a young persons relationship with their parents has a big part in it as well. The child may be afraid of disappointing his or her parents or may be trying to control an unspoken conflict or lack of harmony within the family. Eating disorders are complex conditions that can come from an assortment of possible causes. Scientists today are still learning the underlying causes of these emotionally and physically damaging conditions. Once started, however, eating disorders can create a self-perpetuation cycle of physical and emotional destruction. Anorexia and/or bulimia can lead you to such a state of malnutrition that you may have to be hospitalized even if you believe nothing s wrong with you. Eating disorders in American today are caused by psychological, interpersonal, social, and biological factors. Symptoms include but are not limited to repeated episodes of binging, extreme concern with body weight and shape, intense fear of weight gain or being fat, extreme concern with body weight and shape (Philip S. Miller peg. L). In a video on Web MD titled, The truth about anorexia a girl named Taylor admits to having bulimia and describes the rehab she went through before she realized that it was a life threatening disorder. She also shares details about how it affected her family. Taylor became very weak looking while striving to be a perfect dancer. She knew she had to do something to get control of her life when she saw the tears and hurt in her parents eyes. The reason for this is that it affects parts of the body like the following: (heart) cardiovascular, (blood) homological, (stomach and intestines) gastrointestinal, (kidney) renal, (hormones) endocrine and (bones) skeletal (Bosons children hospital). From demonstrativenesss. Mom psychotherapist Joanna Popping said: I believe our task as individuals and as psychotherapists is to respect and trust hat the true self of our clients is valiantly working to come forth and is communicating as best it can. As we earn the trust of our courageous clients I believe that our task is to help them become conscious of what has been unconscious. At the same time we must provide support as our healing clients begin to learn about themselves and lose their dangero us naivetà © about others. I believe we must continually learn and be as present as we can for the world and the people in it as they are, not as we wish them to be. The more we can get through our own denial systems the more we can be trustworthy companions for our linens in their search to discover who they really are. In the same way that doctors have to be on top of the situation and Childish health as all times, parents of a child with anorexia have to be very involved; in no way at all is it easy to deal with these situations. According to medicines. Com. He website backed up by Web MD and Doctors, you have to be in control even if it means taking your child to rehab. You may also give food as medicine and then give rewards to your child after eating. Then after the long process of getting your son/daughter Scholar). Prevention is the biggest aid to avoid being diagnosed with anorexia. There are different methods to prevent this; the biggest advocate is parents to educate their child, male and female, ab out eating disorders, critical thinking and the unrealistic sense of media and television. Encouraging your child in any sort of sport of exercise activity is important, and reminding them that you love them no matter what. To be nobody but yourself in a world thats doing its best to make you somebody else, is to fight the hardest battle you are ever going to fight. Never stop fighting (E. E. Cummings). Anorexia is an eating disorder that is over looked daily. The importance f keeping healthy and at a normal state of mind is the difference between child/ adolescence and rehab.

Business innovating Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Business innovating - Coursework Example ry passage point is referred to as a single locus that is able to shape and mobilize the local network and develop control over all transactions between the local and the global networks in market innovation context. Local network is the relationship between various agents in market setting in which optimization of gains is the central focus within the local market while global is the international perspective of the business innovation diffusion in regard to Actor-Network theory. Intermediaries can be defined as entities which make no difference and so can be ignored as they merely transport the force of some other entity more or less without transformation and so are fairly uninteresting. On the other hand, mediators are entities that multiply difference and so should be the object of study as their outputs cannot be predicted by their inputs. The two concepts are derived from actor-network theory. A typical example is silk and nylon and how they are defined in different societal

ETH501, Business Ethics, Mod 4 Case Assignment Essay

ETH501, Business Ethics, Mod 4 Case Assignment - Essay Example ation is presented to us in the rejection of the promotion test results by the New Haven CT for its fire department due to the lack of minority representation. This paper aims to understand the managerial and organizational performance consequences resulting from a demographic representation in the workforce. After carefully analyzing the arguments and evidences available, a conclusion shall be made on whether organizations should indeed undertake a demographic approach in determining the composition of their workforce. Representation is one of the basic tenets of social justice especially in a society priding itself of civility. Morality and ethics dictate that all members of society should have the opportunity to contribute to the development process. Power should be distributed and not confined to a few for democracy to persist. Carroll (1990) formalizes these concepts to two principles: the Golden Rule and the Disclosure Rule. The former takes root in religion and history and states that ‘if one wants to be fairly treated then one should treat others fairly too’. The Disclosure Rule states that if you are comfortable with decisions after asking yourself if you would mind if others were aware of them, the decision is probably ethical. Velasquez (1996) states that the respect for fundamental rights emanates from the principle of Rights Approach where people should be given the right to self-determination and adequate opportunities to do so. Public service organizations will find these ethical and moral obligations as enough motivational reasons to adapt demographic representation in the workplace. Nonetheless, idealistic principles can often be disregarded by prejudiced preferences and operational requirements. This is especially true in business settings where the desire for production, operational efficiency and sales volume often take priority rather than moral and ethical obligations. Adapting a demographically representative workforce must have

Management of Information System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Management of Information System - Essay Example The customer care department of the company is not helpful to the customer when assisting with online orders for the cellular phone. As a result, the customer is not able to receive the order according to their request. It is because of these problems that the customer decides to send a letter to the CEO so that the company’s management would understand how serious the customer care problem is within the company. The complaint of the customer causes events within the company with the goal of finding the most appropriate solution for the problem. The events, activities and gateway within the service delivery department of Cellular Inc. are presented in the BPMN model in Figure 1 below. Figure 1: BPMN model for the problem at Cellular Inc. Question 2 There is poor communication between the company and its clients. This situation is demonstrated by the events the customer goes through in trying to place the order in an effective way. For example, the use of the company’s w ebsite by the customer reveals that the information which is expected to be at the site is missing. Additionally, the customer later realizes that the promotion had expired even though there was no information on the website to inform the clients when the promotion was supposed to end. The company also has a problem with the transaction system. This is evident by the problems the customer encounters while trying to make payments. The problem with the online transaction system is the duplication of the shipping address field which does not cater to those who would like the delivery to be made to a different location. After a long process of trying to credit the customer’s card, Robbie says that it was not possible because of the cancellation of the transaction by the client earlier on. These illustrations reveal that the company has a serious problem with its online transaction system which it needs to be addressed urgently. This is important because poor transaction processes and the inefficiency related to this are likely to make the customers lose their confidence in the company. How the customer care department functions is also a problem which needs to be addressed. This is apparent when the customer is directed to numerous customer support personnel who do not understand the actual problem with the transactions. The representatives of the company to whom the customer is directed do not seem to settle the customer’s problem. Moreover, there are delays in finding a solution because the customer is put on hold most of the time. Due to these issues it can be said that the customer care functionality of Cellular Inc. does not attend to the needs of the clients in the most efficient and effective manner. As a result, there was a lot of disappointment on the part of the customer which could lead to a loss of loyalty to the company. Question 3 The company must ensure that its website provides adequate details. For example, the prices of various prod ucts must be displayed on the website, including promotions for each product. The credit that the company’s customers are to be given should also be provided on the site. This is to ensure that the customers get adequate information on a product before they make an order. Company websites must provide their clients with timely and sufficient information before the online transa

The Ontology And Epistemology Psychology Essay

The Ontology And Epistemology Psychology Essay Research has been perceived at different angles ranging from utilitarian, technical and professional views, while some see it as a mere gathering of information or ordinary fact finding exercise, others see it as a process of moving facts from one form to another. However, according to Cohen and Manion, 1994 (in Nicholas Walliman, 2001 pg 10), Research is a combination of both experience and reasoning and must be regarded as the most successful approach to the discovery of truth. Meanwhile, in order to carry out a successful research, a researcher needs to plan and devise a suitable methodology and design a proper research instrument by properly considering various research approaches, paradigm, processes, values as well as matter of ontology and epistemology as all these suggest the framework for the research project. Richard Fellows and Anita Liu (2008) state that theory provides the framework for the research project rather like a structural steel or reinforced concrete frame is used in a building. It will also determine the data that should be collected and further theory will determine appropriate methods and techniques of data collection and analysis. Therefore, this essay looks into various research theories, approaches and paradigm, critically analyze them to decide which and which is congruent to a desired nature of research in the field of architecture and finally itemize substantial research plan a researcher must put in place in order to achieve the desired aim and objectives in the field of architecture by itemizing how the data about a chosen phenomenon is to be collected, analyzed and used with a proof of practicability of the research methodology since only feasible methodology gives birth to a feasible research. RESEARCH THEORY AND PHILOSOPHY Before a research is embarked upon, three questions has to be kept in mind, the motivation for the research; relevant interest, experience or expertise one bring to bear in the subject and finally the desired product which should be a thesis that is defendable or useful research report within a particular period of time, all these will suggest the type of approach researcher should embark upon since there is no generally acceptable single correct approach to enquiry (Nicholas Walliman, 2001). A researcher therefore needs to analyze the terms described in this section and determine their relevance or otherwise to his research objectives. Ontology and Epistemology Ontology is described as the study of being, the nature of reality or existence, as well as the structure of reality (Michael Crotty, 2005). Researchers position regarding ontology will determine how answers questions about the nature both social and political reality to be investigated (Jonathan Grix, 2002), this means that a researchers ontological view of the task ahead of him goes a long way to determine the focus of his study, the chosen methods and how data is gathered, interpreted or analysed. According to Blaikie, 2007, ontological claims are claims and assumptions that are made about the nature of social reality, claims about what exists, what it looks like, what units make it up and how these units interact with each other. In short, ontological assumptions are concerned with what we believe constitutes social reality (Blaikie, 2007,). Ontological positions can be expressed in terms of objectivism and constructivism also known as subjectivism; the objectivism is of the opinion that social phenomena and their meanings exist in a way that is independent of social actors while subjectivism is the other ontological argument affirming that social phenomena and their meanings are determined by social actors.( Jonathan Grix, 2002). Blaike (2007) suggests that while carrying out a research, a researcher has to choose from being a shallow realist, conceptual realist, cautious realist, depth realist, idealist realist or subtle realist which are the six categories of ontological assumptions that are available for him. A researcher who is subjective in his ontological assumption believes that awareness of our social condition can be achieved through experience and interaction with the environment and as such tends to gather qualitative information for his research, meanwhile, a researcher with objective assumption believes that there are certain principles that guide the occurrence of events and as such, they can only be tested through quantitative approach; by using data, measurement, statistics and calculation to test the theory and hypothesis governing the principle. On the other hand, Epistemology is a branch of philosophy that concerns the origins, nature, methods and limit of human knowledge (Richard Fellow et al, 2008). It is the theory of knowledge, and is interested in the origins and nature of knowing and the construction of knowledge, and the assumptions that are used about what made the nature of knowledge (Longino 1990; Dalmiya and Alcoff 1993) in Goodson et al,2004. According to Blaike, 2007, epistemology which is a core branch of philosophy that deals with the theory of knowledge, validation of the knowledge and likely ways of gaining knowledge of social reality and whatever it is understood to be. In short, epistemology is concerned with how what is assumed to exist can be known (Blaikie, 2007). Two contrasting epistemological positions contained within the perspectives, positivism and interpretivism, it is clear that choosing one of these epistemological positions will lead the researcher to employ a different methodology than what he would have employed, were he to choose the other. It is also clear that a researchers ontological and epistemological positions can lead to different views and opinion about the same social phenomena. Put simply, knowledge production relies heavily upon the ontology of the researcher their definition of reality; their epistemology what they count as knowledge depends on what they want knowledge about, while the kind of knowledge that they seek determines their methodology (Jones 1993, in Goodson et al, 2004). Jonathan Grix(2002, ) established a further relationship between ontology and epistemology by claiming that ontology is what is out there to know while epistemology deals with what and how can we know about it. Research Paradigm Research paradigm can be described in terms of how researcher thinks about the development of knowledge. According to Nicholas Walliman and Bosmaha Baiche 2001, paradigm is a term not only to describe a particular type of theoretical statement, but rather to indicate the overall effect of the acceptance of a particular general theoretical approach often expressed as law or theory Cohen, Manion and Morrison, (2000) describe research paradigm as a broad framework which entails perception, understanding and belief of several theories and practices that are applied to conduction of research. It is also described as a precise procedure, which comprises of various steps through which a researcher establishes a relationship between the research questions and research objectives. Although many researchers have used them interchangeably, research philosophy on can be described as the development of the research background, research knowledge and the nature of research (Saunders and Thornhill, 2007). The importance of paradigms is that they determine the views to be adopted, as well as the approach to questioning and discovery of truth (Richard Fellow, Anita Liu, 2008).There are several major types of research paradigm catalogued by different writers as they differ on how they categorize them, Norman Blaikie, 2010 suggests ten, Goodson et al, 2010 state that four major paradigm structure research: positivist, post-positivist, critical and interpretive, each providing flexible guidelines that connect theory with method and help to determine the structure and shape of any enquiry. However, for the purpose of this study, three major research paradigms are critically evaluated: positivism, critical realism and interpretivism. Positivism A positivist approach argues that the properties of the world can be measured through empirical, scientific observation, any research results will be presented as facts and truths(Claire Taylor et al, 2006). Positivist argues that the methods and procedures of natural science may be applied to a research and its result can therefore be generalized as an expression similar to those that are developed for natural science, as such, a clear interpretation and analysis can therefore be achieved based on testable and verifiable data (Nicholas Walliman, Bousmaha Baiche, 2001). Positivism is of the opinion that human behaviour can be codified into law when underlying regularities is identified, as such that society can therefore be studied from an impartial viewpoint of the researcher. Positivism stands upon values of reason, validity and truth, it focuses purely on facts, gathered through observation and experience, measured empirically using quantitative methods -surveys and experiments and statistical analysis (Blaikie, 2007). Alan Bryman and Emma Bell, 2007 emphasize that positivism stress beyond testing of data, it also believes that knowledge confirmed by sense can genuinely be warranted as knowledge (phenomenology), the purpose of theory is to generate hypothesis that will allow explanation of the law(deductivism), science must be value free (objective), all these are categorized as distinctive features of positivism. (Alan Bryman and Emma Bell, 2007 ) The positivist approach has brought with it a useful legacy of sound experimental design and an insistence upon quantifiable, empirical enquiry, this means that a positivist tends to gathering of quantitative data capable of logical or mathematical proof rather than from human or moral consideration, in short, a positivist approach will tend a research towards collection and analysis of quantitative data. Meanwhile, various authors have also considered the concept of post positivism which is believe to share most of the views of a realist that is later discussed in this section. Interpretivism In this paradigm, researchers acknowledge that there is no single objective reality and that different versions of events are inevitable, its focus is on natural settings, with theory developing from data after research has begun, not as the result of a predetermined hypothesis (Claire Taylor et al, 2006). Interpretivist believes there is a fundamental difference between the subject matters of the natural and social sciences and that the methods of the natural sciences cannot be used in the social sciences, due to this, they assert that the study of social phenomena requires an understanding of the social worlds that people inhabit, which definitely they have already interpreted by the meanings they produce and reproduce as a necessary part of their everyday together activities. The interpretive paradigm is more likely to be employed in qualitative research (Richard Fellow, Anita Liu, 2003), and it is wholly anti-positivist and argues that the world is interpreted by those engaged with it, the perspective is aligned with a qualitative approach, with researchers concerned to understand individuals perceptions of the world (Claire Taylor et al, 2006). It believes that all knowledge is relative to the knower and as such interpretivists work along with others as they make sense and meaning from events and create their realities in order to understand their points of view, and to interprete these experiences based on the researchers academic experience (Hatch and Cunliffe, 2006). In summary, interpretivist paradigm sees human action and involvement meaningful in a research, its truth is social construct, believes that there is no single objective reality'(ClaireTaylor et al, 2006) that is, subjective, tends toward qualitative and theory building/inductive in nature and hence it is contextual and not easily generalisable (Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill, 2007). Induction and Deduction Induction and deduction are theory that are paramount in research projects, while induction is otherwise known as research then theory approach, deduction is known as theory then research approach. It is possible to investigate the authenticity of a theory, which is a speculative answer to a perceived problem by investigation and experiment, this is known as deduction; if our experience makes us to arrive at a conclusion which we later tend to generalize, this is referred to as induction. (Nicholas Walliman and Bousmaha Baiche,2001). According to Bill Taylor et al, 2006 deduction is a reasoning process starting with a self evident principle towards a particular case, it starts with theory, hypothesis or concept usually drawn from scholarly literature and proceed to test its applicability or otherwise in a context; induction starts with empirical data and proceedings in order to arrive at a generally acceptable conclusion from such data. For instance if a researcher is interested in a particular theory or model and wish to test its practicability or otherwise in an organization, he tends towards deduction; if a researcher is interested in a particular exploratory research programme concerned with things like motivation, he may form data and attempt to form a working hypothesis on the factors that affect motivation, in that instance, he is using the induction process (Bill Taylor et al, 2006). Although, the concept of induction and deduction seems opposite in the sense that while we use deduction to test theory and hypothesis or explain some future phenomenon induction is used to generate theory, one is general to particular and the other is particular to general (Rajendra K. Sharma, 2008); yet they are both important in research as the choice of induction or deduction will greatly depend on the nature of research and hence they complement each others. The choice between the two methods is greatly important in research, this is because of the fact that it helps to analyze and decide on strategy to use and as well prepare for likely constraints during research process. (Hilary Collins, 2010).In the words of Bergman and Manfred Max, 2008, neither qualitative nor qualitative method is totally known to be better than the other, the nature of research problems and what the researcher intend to find out determine appropriate data to be collected as well as tools and technique fo r data analysis (Nicholas Walliman and Bousmaha Baiche 2005). Reliability, validity and applicability of result and conclusion is the most important in research work irrespective of the method employed; qualitative, quantitative or even mixed method (Richard Fellow, Anita Liu, 2008). Approach to research can be expressed in terms of research strategies cataloguing experiment, survey, archival analysis, historical and case study research (Nicholas Walliman, 2005), and in some other texts, problem solving and observational; or in terms of the method employed, that is, qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods, hence, the type of data collected partly determine the method to be employed in a research project in order to provide suitable answer to research problems. The three methods are analysed and critically evaluated in this study.Quantitative and Qualitative methods. Qualitative and quantitative research are not only differ in their methods, they also differ in terms of problem p erception, data requirement, collection and analysis of data. Quantitative research involves application of measurement or numerical approach to an issue under consideration, data gathering and analysis. (Julia Brannen et al, 1992). It is an objective method of research that relates to positivism philosophy and seek together factual data which is further analysed to produce quantified result and conclusion testing theories and findings of a previously conducted research. (Richard Fellows and Anita Liu, 2008). Theory is used at the beginning of research not to develop the theory but to test its originality, the theory thus serves as a framework for the entire study, an organizing model for the research question or hypothesis and for data collection procedure. (Creswell, 1994 in S.G Naoum, 2007). Qualitative research on the other hand is the method of research that seek to understand peoples behavior, attitude and experience (Bergman and Manfred Max, 2006), through the use of back and forth approach between each stage without necessarily having a pre-defined step by step approach, it involves interaction and interconnection among different design component. (Joseph A. Maxwell, 2005). It is a subjective research method that allows the researcher to change definition of general concept during research process towards diagnosing a situation and discovery of new idea or evaluation of peoples opinion about a particular factor; this is possible because qualitative researchers use themselves as research instrument in addition to obtained data; hence, it is a theoretical and participant observation method rather than the opposing descriptive theory testing, method (Julian Brannen et al, 1992). Qualitative research is less structured and makes use of such approach like interview or focus group with the aim of getting in-depth opinion from participants. Unlike the quantitative method, qualitative research does not place theory at the beginning of research process, although theory may be used during the research process as a tool for comparison with other theory, meanwhile, a quantitative research generates theory that can further be tested with the use of quantitative method (S.G Naoum, 2007).

Essay --

A History of Computers by: Paul Little The idea of a machine that would make man’s calculations easier, faster, and more accurate is no new notion. The Abacus, Napier’s rods, the Calculating Clock, and the Stepped Reckoner are a few examples of early computer ideas In the more recent history of the computer, we can see how computers have morphed changed from clunky, million-dollar machines into the compact and convenient devices which can held on the tip of ones finger. John von Neumann’s name is most well-known among the potential â€Å"founders† of the first computer (and also known for work in quantum mechanics) but who the credit belongs to can be debated. Von Neumann wrote a memorandum explaining the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator (ENIAC) but the ENIAC was developed by J. Preper Eckert and John Mauchly of the Moore School of the University of Pennsylvania in the mid-1940s. The credit for this invention is shady because Mauchly reportedly visited John Atanasoff before building the ENIAC. Atanasoff built the Atanasoff/Berry Computer in the early 1940s at Iowa State University. But, von Neumann’s name is the most well-known and thus settles the issue! The model von Neumann came up with for the basic computer structure is still today, with modifications for speed and size, his computer is still the foundation for many computers. Part of the the reason his work was seen in high standards was hs reports on his work. The Academic Press Dictionary states that â€Å"von Neumann’s report was so we... ...Whether you agree or not, the NSA’s new 1.7 billion facility being built to store internet users data and phone call and is the largest facility ever built to do so, can be viewed as a new treat to people personal data and piracy. Believed â€Å"once finished† ith the ability to hold not only the most but some of if not the biggest super computers in the world. It is said the facility once up and running will be able to store data at the rate of 20 terabytes per minute, many times over. The ability to do so is in its self amazing and the other technology that will be used there I am sure will be just as mind boggling. But most are more concerned with the negative potential (and rightfully so) over the technical scale of the project, but ever the less this will probably be the start of the next (out of many past and future) computer generation.

Bad Nutrition

Food is one of the basic needs of man. From the creation of the world through the medieval ages until this period of globalization, this inevitable need has not left the tables. Besides other needs like shelter and clothing, food is one of the elements of survival. Nutrients available for human actions are obtained from food. As a living thing, man performs such functions as movement, respiration, irritability and response to the environment, growth and development, as well as excretion. Energy is needed for these functions. It is obtained from food.Without food, man starves and eventually dies of starvation. Worst still is a deadly death when he is exposed to bad nutrition. The question is: what is nutrition? What constitutes good nutrition? What is the concept of bad nutrition? What difference is there between good and bad nutrition. What are the effects of bad nutrition on the individual and locality where it is prevalent? What factors promote bad nutrition? What steps can be take n to reduce the incidence of bad nutrition? Definition of concepts Nutrition is the process of obtaining nutrients from the food we eat.It is one of the basic functions of man. Nutrient is obtainable from carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals, water, roughages and fats and oil. Each of this class of food is indispensable and anything that constitutes an imbalance in its proportion will cause bad nutrition. Good nutrition is when one consumes these classes of food in the right quantity; this implies that it is not too much and not too small. It also included balanced diet; this is ensuring that all classes of food are eaten in a meal session.Each class of food has specific role in the individual: carbohydrates are good sources of energy obtainable from rice, sorghum, yam, wheat, grains. Proteins can be of animal or plant source; they are found in meat, fish, egg, and are the precursors of amino acids, the building blocks of life. Proteins provide the framework for growth and de velopment. Fats and oil are also effective energy sources; while vitamins are useful for metabolism, minerals and water help to maintain homeostasis of electrolytes and fluids within the internal milieu of an individual. Taking each class in every meal in the appropriate proportion is good nutrition.On the other hand, bad nutrition is eating too much or too little. Epidemiology This problem is a cosmopolitan problem with a global distribution. Because of the affluence and wealth of developed countries, the challenge is that of consuming too much food. Most people patronize eateries and fast food centers to eat burgers and similar food stuff which do not contain all the classes of food in the right proportion. This leads to an increasing trend in the incidence of eating disorders such as anorexia and obesity with their concomitant psychological and physical ailments.This underscores the fact that bad nutrition is not restricted to any region of the world as it affects all. In view of this, bad nutrition is even a worse problem in less developed and developing nations where food is not readily available. Bad leadership constitutes the top factor here; it promotes corruption and misappropriation of public funds. Money allocated to provision of food is diverted to public pockets and who suffers for this? The citizens of course. They are left with no other option that to manage and service on the little meal they can provide for their family from subsistence farming.Wars and political instability in these nations also constitutes plaques that consume the land, productive forces and will that could have been useful in agriculture. Poverty and illiteracy form inseparable twins that perpetuate their bad nutrition. Besides, bad Nutrition plagues a large number of people in America. It is profound to note that quite a number of people in this country do not know what constitutes good nutrition; they only eat! The combinations of food they consume do not enrich the body with essential nutrients in a way.The age of fast foods, snacks and McDonald burgers have made life apparently ‘easy’ but this ease gradually paves the way for the accompanying effects of bad nutrition. Besides the fact many are not aware of good nutrition, those who know do not actually vigorously encourage its practice. The health education in this aspect of our lives is not sufficient. As a result, the problem persists. Unhealthy Nutrition Unhealthy foods are usually very easy to distinguish from healthy meals. The quantity is either insufficient or excessive. Bad food can be described as anything that produces an excess of nutrients or a shortage.The quality of meal also matters. When we eat the same type of food for a long period, it Is very likely that bad nutrition is in practice because some peculiar nutrients may be absent from what we eat. Food with large amount of fats and oil are not healthy; they are toxic to the blood vessels and promote obesity. Foods wit h copious amounts of carbohydrates, fast food, and sweets need to be avoid or eaten in small amounts. People respond to nutrition and the pressures of society in different ways. Food cannot be divorced from prevailing environmental conditions and social circumstances.While some people are able to adapt properly, others do not. Sometimes, social pressures force people to change their dietary habits especially when they see eating as an escape route from their life’s challenges. Such people end up becoming obese and with poor self-image. Apart from obesity, there are other eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia, psychogenic vomiting and eating disorder not otherwise specified. Eating disorders Anorexia is a mental disorder causing the person to uncontrollably lose weight by refusing food. It is common among school girls and female university students.Its prevalence is more in the upper social class than the lower class, and more a problem in the developed nations. F actors that usually promote this include personality traits that drive the individual to look pleasant and fashionable; social belief that thinness is attractive among young ladies. Psychological basis for this disorder is more important: a struggle for control and a sense of identity lead affected individuals to relentlessly pursue thinness by eating too little. As a result, they are thin and weigh less than the standard for age and gender.There could also be other symptoms like depressed mood, social withdrawal and lack of sexual interest. To maintain this shape, they induce vomiting and engage in excessive exercise. On the other hand, Bulimia refers to episodes of uncontrolled excessive eating. The central features here include an irresistible urge to overeat and accompanying extreme measures to control body weight. There is also an overvalued idea concerning self-image and body shape. It is often confused with anorexia because both can occur at the same time. Episodes are usuall y preceded by stress and breaking of self-imposed dietary rules.Overeating relives tension but is soon followed by guilt and disgust. Subsequently the individual induced vomiting. In many cases, there are symptoms of depression but menstrual abnormalities are absent. Obesity constitutes an important disorder: it is a medical condition characterized by excess body fat. When the body mass index is greater than 30kg/square meters, the diagnosis of obesity can be made. At least, 20% of adults in the States will meet this criterion, as the case is in UK. It tends to be aggravated by environmental and social influence that encourage overeating of high calorie foods and lack of exercise.The psychological aspect is not significant, as the case is in anorexia and bulimia. Hazards of bad nutrition Certainly numerous problems can occur because of improper dietary habits. Some of these can be psychological as it is in cases of anorexia and bulimia. This will necessitate mental state and psychia try assessment. These conditions usually also present with disturbances of mood especially depression. They usually require behavior and cognitive therapies because of the devastating effects of the eating disorder may have on the individual.Obesity is closely related to diabetes mellitus as both conditions promote insulin resistance and a state of increased glucose level in the blood. The pancreas is therefore overworked and later ceases to produce insulin. Diabetes is a chronic debilitating disease that affects every organ of the body; it usually presents with neuropathy, retinopathy and nephropathy as a result of micro vascular disturbance caused by the abnormally elevated plasma glucose level. Patients are predisposed to infections, ulcers and immunosuppression.Bad nutrition also adversely affects the heart and blood vessels. Excessive consumption of foods with fats and oil can cause an elevated level of cholesterol. This leads to formation of atheromatous plaques that thicken a nd block blood vessels. Heart disease occurs when arteries near the heart are blocked by cholesterol. There is also increased level of bad cholesterol in form of low density lipoproteins LDL but an expected reduction in the level of good cholesterol in the form of high density lipoproteins HDL. This is closely related to the onset of high blood pressure-hypertensive diseases.Aggressive health education on what constitutes is a primary prevention strategy. Legislation to stop/reduce sale of ‘bad’ food can also help. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of eating disorders and the sequelae of bad nutrition is equally important. Reference ? Frances Sizer and Eleanor Whitney. Nutrition: Concepts and Controversies. Thomson and Wadswoth Publishing House. Ninth Edition. ? Good Nutrition. www. revolutionhealth. com/healthy-living/food-nutrition/food-basics/facts ? Breaking Bad Nutrition Habits. www. eating-healthy. org/breaking-your-bad-nutrition-habits

Customer Relationship Management A Strategy Of Tesco Marketing Essay Essays

Customer Relationship Management A Strategy Of Tesco Marketing Essay Essays Customer Relationship Management A Strategy Of Tesco Marketing Essay Essay Customer Relationship Management A Strategy Of Tesco Marketing Essay Essay All responsisbilty of bring forthing a high sale, effectual hereafter planning, execution of selling is lies onCRM.to use o all best available beginnings efficaciously in different section like selling and sale. CRM, s chief intents are as follows: , To identifiy loyal clients, acquiring good sale, effectual hereafter planning. To supply emplyees with the update information, what they need to cognize is their client, s desires and physiques reationsip between the company and its clients. To creat single relationship with clients in order to carry through clients satisfaction indivisualy. There are many potantail benefits of CRM specialy should be foucused on bing clients and interaction of new client as good. Identifying demands more efficaciously by understanding client requirments. Cross-selling of different merchandises by proposing alternate or sweetening. Creat the information of profitable or non-profitable clients, so efficaciously can interact those clients. All above mentioned information will finally culd lead to: Achiving client satisfaction and rentention. Guaranting that your good will in the market will go on to turn. Increasing value from bing client and overall efficiency to cut down cost of sale. Foucsing on most profitable clients and put a scheme for the unprofitable in moreeffective manner. Scheme and Practice ( 1998 ) , Jean Woodall, Diana Winstanley, Published Blackwell Business 7. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: To obtain the perfect information we have to utilize all information and information consistently. We have to roll up the informations, assesing the information and the most of import critically analyaising the information because of the nature of the subject and research ( client relationship direction of Tesco ) .We will different techniques. Exploratory research Explanatory research Descriptive research 7.1. Exploratory Research: Exploratory research method will be used to focal points on following intent: Define job exactly. To make hypothesis. To set up precedences for polishing research. To acquire insight attack for work outing job. How and what method would be used for explorative research? Expertnesss studies Critical analysis of secondary informations. Qualitative research. 7.2. Explanatory Research: Explanatory research will be based on causes and grounds. This survey made relationship between variables. 7.3. DESCRPTIVE RESEARCH: Descriptive survey is a sort of refined survey of exploratory survey. This survey will do a clear and exact profile of any state of affairs and event. Whole state of affairs would be described through assorted sort of research and informations aggregation. 8. RESEARCH TECNIQUES: The techniques which we have adopt are as followed, indivual interviews, survays, material collectd from different beginnings for illustration, face to face groups, cyberspace, online survays, postal, and telephone. All observation techniques are normally included in it, normally when we carry oning field analysis. ( Jankowicz 2005 p 221-222 ) 9. STATEMENT OF RESEARCH DESIGN: Here is described that how we could acquire the right research on the research proposal subject. It is really of import to acquire the elaborate cognition and critical positions of the expertness and academic literature shall be studied. It is essetional to acquire the clear image tesco client relationship direction scheme. Through on-line beginnings, books diaries, and academic literature we can achive clear cognition of all facet of client relationship direction scheme. All academic surveies shall be done in this research will be based on exploratory survey to acquire the better apprehension of every facet of the research. 10.DATA Collection: There are two sorts of informations aggregation one is qualitative and the other is quantitative. In our research proposal we are utilizing both methods to roll up the right informations. 10.1. Qualitative Method: Qualitative research is besides based on premise. The international market can be investigate by utilizing scientific methods.we will utilize the scientific method for carry oning the research. we will travel for unfastened interviews or questionnaire will inquire general people to show their experience freely.We may name it roll uping informations qualitatively or systamatically, hte procedure through wich the information will be collected is mentionaed as under. 10.1.1. INTERVIEWING: Roll uping informations by utilizing qualitative informations chiefly we do interview people.Where they may be allowed to show their thoughts to better client services and personal experience. We shall dicusse some sensitive issues and about the subject ( client relationaship direction ) specialy. ( Smith2004p86-87 ) 10.2. Quantitative Method: The quantitative paradigm is based optimisum side of world that could be based on cosmopolitan Torahs. We use this information to prove the hypotheses and mensurating societal universe. Quantitative informations can be quantified in the footings of quantity.It involves in merurment of measure or amount.We will utilize qualitative informations collecetion method it may include on-line survays, unfastened interviews, telephonic interviews and questionnaire. 11. DATA ANAYLSIS ; There are many different theories to analaysis the informations but we will utilize Strauss Corbin ( 1998 ) . This method of informations analyising will enable to develop the construct and expressed positions to the decision. This type of informations analyizing is less formal and systematic. ( Saunders Lewis and thornhill 2003 ) As this research is based on both qualitative and quantitative informations so all informations obtained through different methods will be analysised carefully and this information will assist to construct diferent stratiges of client relationship direction. This critical analysis will besides assist to keep the public presentation of client mangment in Tesco. Time Scale Activity Feb 2009 Mar 2009 Apr 2009 Weeks get downing W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 W1 W2 W3 W4 Choice of Topic Company Background Literature reappraisal Research design Research Methodology Data aggregation on L/R interviews Questionnaires Analysis of Consequences Decision Recommendations Reappraisal on concluding bill of exchange Submission REFERENCING: 1. ( Porter.M, 1980, competitory scheme, the free imperativeness.New York ) 2. ( Beginning: tescopreliminary result2004 ) 3. krajewski, Lee.et al2007, Operations Management 8th edition, Pearson instruction 4. sunders Mark et al 2007, Research Methods For Business Student 4th Edition foot Prentice Hall 5. Managment Development Straegy and Practice, 1998, Jean Woodhall Diana Wintanley, Published Blackwell Business.

Character Study - The Inspector from An An Inspector Calls essays

Character Study - The Inspector from An An Inspector Calls essays After watching an Inspector calls, I am sure it is obvious to any one who watches it that the inspector is not what he seems at all. At first you have no suspicions of the Inspector, but as the play gradually moves on it slowly dawns on you that the Inspector might be an impostor. In this essay I am going to write about a few different points, and who the Inspector might be. All of my theories may be correct but we will never know which theory is actually right. The Inspector is obviously as real as all the other characters in body and can eat and drink and is solid. I know that J.B.Priestley became very interested in the fourth dimension and time. That is why I think that the inspector may have gone back in time or there might have been a time slip of some sort to make sure that these people new what they had done. Another theory might be that the Inspector represents truth and is not a real person at all but just a representative of justice. I think that this is a very plausible idea and probably Priestley's own thought. I think that the Inspector gives it away when he gets far too emotional and worked up about things. A real police inspector would not get so involved. Here is an extract from the play, at the end of Act 2 where the Inspector gets too involved: Inspector: "(very sternly) Her position now is that she lies with a burnt-out inside on a slab. (As Birling tries to protest, turns on him.) Don't stammer and yammer at me again, man. I'm losing all patience with you people. What did he Say? Here the Inspector gets to emotional about such a small thing. I also think that a real police inspector would treat Birling with more respect. It is true what Birling says about him being a public man and telling the chief of police because he is a friend. Here is an extract were the Inspector treats Birling with disrespect; it is near the beginning of Act 2: Sheila: (urgently, cutting in) You mustn't try to build up a kind o...

Request for Proposal (Burger King) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Request for Proposal (Burger King) - Essay Example tional investments proposed by Burger King are aimed at ensuring that the firm expands its service and offered services to the local and international client bases. Determining the levels of investments is essential, in meeting the firms’ capability. In focusing on these factors, Burger King is able to meet the market demands and requirements. Analyzing the market will be essential in ensuring the firm produces quality service to the potential market. In focusing on the space management, the firm has the capability of ensuring quality management of the space allocation. The new restaurant would focus on maximizing profit and working towards ensuring the firm attained its goals and meet the financial obligation set by BCAD. The site location is suitable in attracting enough customers per given time. The effective nature of the firm would play part in ensuring the firm provides competitive services that would attract clients and increase BCAD revenue collection. The potential market is essential in determining the models to be deployed by Burger King to ensure mutual benefits for the firm and BCAD. The focus will be to venture into the restaurant services and focus on quality delivery and provide a competitive edge over potential rival firms. The market is wide and the manner in which a firm positions it among the elite will determine the levels of success. The firm has the ability to use its vast experience in the service industry to ensure maximum benefits for BCAD and the firm’s internal obligation. The firm has the capacity to handle a large number of clients and still maintain the quality service required of the firm. The experience the firm has in the field gives it an advantage age over other firms. Experience plays part in determining what services to be offered at a given time period. Maximizing return will be determined by the levels of models used b y the firm. The firm has the duty to oversee the location and ensure it works at full capacity and

Transgender Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Transgender - Essay Example The discrimination rates for transgendered people are usually high as compared to people with other sexual orientations. The transgendered people also face a range of legal issues more than other people do. The eradication of discrimination against transgender people is essential, because it is harmful and pervasive. There is a relative increase in transgendered people. Psychological research has placed focus on transgendered populations. There has been an acknowledgement of heterogeneity of transgendered communities. This has led to diversification of transgender identities. Specificity needs to be balanced in order to accomplish diverse transgender identities. Racial and ethnic identities may affect one’s mental and psychological state. Gender dysphoria is the dissatisfaction with one’s biological sex. This dissatisfaction may cause anxiety, depression or even restlessness. For individuals who resolve to transition, certain psychological issues may arise. There might be fears of finding a partner, impact on relationships at home and at work. There are also violence and prejudice concerns when one discovers that they are transgendered. However, not every transgendered person is able to transition. Such individuals must learn to adapt to the tensions that are produced by gender dys phoria. Lucas Cassidy Crawford argues for an alternative subjectivity of transsexual models. Transgendered characteristics of being stuck in the wrong body are the major mode. The author observes that body modification experiences have led to the production of metaphors of territoriality. This dominant characteristic is argued to provide a radical comprehension of trans-bodily sensations. Such metaphors give value to the city and all that it guarantees (Cassidy 2014:127). Crawford makes people understand that effects of the body and its environment relate to each other. The beliefs of transgendered are no longer

Industrial Revolution in Britain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Industrial Revolution in Britain - Essay Example England, having a profuse supply of laborers to mine coal and iron, meaning a good supply of industrial fuel, possessing colonies that serve as her sources of raw materials and as her markets, achieved a head start over its European equals in the phenomenon of Industrial Revolution. Most importantly, England's isolation kept her from wars bombarding other European countries, and allowed her to continue industrializing without disruption (Rempel). Industrial Revolution induced the widespread use of machineries for manufacturing. England went through the phenomenon beginning in18th Century. Soon, more things could be done quicker and labor costs became cheaper. The process changed England from an agrarian, handicraft economy into a machine-dominated manufacturing industry. This bought for England greater economic potentialities and urbanization. Urbanization as an effect of industrializing made England evidenced an increase in population, as well as the emergence of several new social classes (Rempel). An advent of factories in places where palpable resources of coal and other essential materials could be found was set up in the process of rapid industrializing and urbanizing. Concentration of work forces in these locations was then called for. Eventually, these areas were developed to great cities with established political centers. The problem was that these so called "factory" and "mining" towns became so crowded and swamped that no good living conditions were experienced. Sanitary provisions are found lacking, and diseases spread across these swamped areas. "The dreadful living conditions in these new towns can be attributed to lack of good bricks, absences of building codes, and the lack of machinery for public sanitation. Yet the more tenable cause was the fact that factory owners offered little regard to the laborers as they treat them as commodities and not as actually human beings with important needs" (Rempel). These towns then sprouted new categories of British social classes. Factory owners became the new bourgeoisie and the men, women and children became categorized as the new working class. The more alarming incident here was that women and child labor emerged prominently in this period. Yet, more and more people moved to these cities in search of the higher profits that was seem guaranteed in working for these industries. Unfortunately, the industry workers were not to become well-off despite having jobs. This is so because they play second fiddle to the sophisticated machines, and were often degraded to routine process laborers, working long hours yet receiving low compensations under quite inauspicious conditions (Rempel). Longer hours meant reduced leisure time even though their material consumption did not increased. It was apparent that the workers become concentrated on factories and mines, and less on agriculture, where half of the population was in a century earlier. Employment in agriculture as a percentage of the population declined rapidly. By 1850, only one in four British could be said to be working the land and as had been said, employment growth at this point in time took place mostly in traditional manufacturing service industries (Voth, 2003). Therefore, wage increases that would have been expected from

Possible risks Essay Example for Free

Possible risks Essay Determination of pregnancy is not certain until the second trimester, at around twenty weeks, when the fetal heart beat can be heard via a fetoscope. Albeit there are presumptive and probable signs associated with pregnancy, like the early morning sickness or the growing size of the abdominal area, these could also be caused by a different pathology. Hence, it can be inevitable for a woman who is not aware of her pregnant state to be exposed to radiation, most especially if she is not aware of her current menstruation cycle. Radiation exposure usually occurs whenever a person is exposed to cosmic rays, external radiation from radioactive ores, internal exposure through radiation therapy given for treatment in cancer patients, and most commonly through diagnostic x-rays. More often than not, pregnant women who are not aware of their pregnant state could have gotten their diagnostic x-rays taken, which is equivalent to receiving 70 millirem. Also, she could have been exposed to other radiation sources, like watching the television and living next door to a power plant. But exposure to radiation can have an acceptable limit of 350 millirems for the pregnant woman. For the pregnant woman, the most critical period wherein the fetus will suffer the most health consequences is when the she is exposed to radiation around two weeks to fifteen weeks gestational age. At two weeks gestational age, if the mother is exposed to a radiation that measures greater than 5 rad or 5000 millirem, a miscarriage can take place or even death inside the womb. If the fetus is exposed to radiation at the gestational age of eight to fifteen weeks, the fetus is to suffer a severe brain damage from the exposure. This can result in lowered intelligent quotients or IQs, mental retardation, stunted growth and other birth defects. Mental retardation is defined as a general developmental disorder characterized by a lower than average intelligence marker and the child is to suffer from limited daily living skills due to limited learning capabilities. Stunted growth in a child will be evidenced by a sluggish growth and development progress, as evidenced by a lower than normal height, weight and even cognitive skills. After this critical period, the two to fifteen weeks of gestational age, the fetus will unlikely suffer from radiation exposure, unless the exposure is extremely large. Only having been exposed to at least five thousand x-rays at one time can give harm to a 16 week old fetus. At 26 weeks gestational age, the fetus cannot be harmed by radiation exposure, and if ever exposed to radiation, the fetus will unlikely suffer serious health consequences. This can be compared to a newborn being exposed to radiation; the chances of having defects are greatly decreased if not invisible already. However, some of the effects of being exposed to radiation cannot readily be seen or manifest in the early life. Studies also show that fetuses are extremely sensitive to the cancer causing effects of radiation exposure; hence this can increase their risks in acquiring cancer later in life. Radiation exposure can be limited, if not avoided. The pregnant woman needs to be aware of her physiological state. She would have to consult all of her diagnostic exams and her workplace to her physician, so that radiation exposure can be prevented early on the pregnancy.

Wicked And Messy Environmental Problems

Wicked And Messy Environmental Problems Some environmental problems have taken on a new nature; they have become wicked. These wicked problems defy classification and have no clear-cut solutions. They are associated with a high degree of uncertainty and deep disagreement of values. They have become immune to the conventional approach to problem solving and pose a major challenge to effective natural resource management. This essay examines four challenges that wicked problems present: complexity, conflict, change and uncertainty. It suggests that to develop effective policies and management responses, a combination of adaptive management, carefully designed participatory processes and the precautionary principle must be used in a way that enhances social learning. A case study of Canadas Model Forest program is used to illustrate how the adaptive and participatory processes have been effective in dealing with uncertainty and complexity in Forest Management. Human activities over the decades have undoubtedly affected the environment. Industrialization and technological progress is one such activity that has been argued as the cause of great damage to the natural environment. Coupled to the increasing need to provide for the growing populations around the world, this has led to a myriad of environmental problems some of which have been described as messy or wicked. Rittel and Webber (1973) describe wicked environmental problems as defying classification and devoid of clear cut solutions. They have also been associated with radical uncertainty and plurality of legitimate perspectives (Funtowicz and Ravetz, 1991).They pose a great challenge to governance structures, knowledge and skills base as well as our organizational capacity. Amidst the vast technological advancements, these wicked problems still remain unraveled and elusive. What does this mean for natural resource management? This suggests that natural resource management has been plunged into an era of turbulence with diminishing effects of the conventional approach to problem solving. Policymakers and environmental managers will need to realize that there are no quick fixes or simple solutions as is the experience in dealing with tame problems. There is no single correct formulation of a particular problem since the definition of a wicked problem is subject to the beholder (Allen and Gould, 1986).In view of that, decision makers will have to implement policy without exploring all the feasible or possible options. Learning must become a central theme policymakers and natural resource managers may need to incorporate into their daily administration. Quite imperative also, is the realization that management approaches for dealing with wicked problems can only be optimal but never true or false. This essay attempts to suggest ways by which policymakers and natural resource managers can deal with the challenges that wicked and messy problems pose to natural resource managers. It begins by discussing four challenges that wicked problems present: change, conflict, complexity and uncertainty. It argues that since no single approach or model is sufficient for dealing with these problems, a combination of approaches that have proven to be helpful in mitigating the wickedness of these problems in the past must be used. Thus, a social learning network that combines the adaptive, participatory and precautionary approach is proposed. Its applicability is illustrated using Canadas Model Forest Program as a case study. One challenge that has been associated with wicked problems is complexity; a trait Gunderson (1999) suggests is inherent in natural resource problems. Complexity implies a difficulty in establishing cause and effect patterns due to the presence of interdependencies and multiple variables and is determined by the degree of uncertainty and social disagreement on a particular issue (Patton, 2011). For example, the condition and trend exhibited by wildlife populations are as a result of the interactions between factors such as prior population, weather, predators, habitat, disease, off-site factors and chance events. If there is species decline in a population, which of these factors can be blamed for this outcome? The answer is not as simple as solving a mathematical problem since the problem may be caused by one or many of the factors acting in concert. Complexity is seen to exist in two forms: technical and social complexity. The former is linked to limitations in quality of information and a deficiency in knowledge systems. This makes problem-diagnosis very hectic and introduces high levels of uncertainty. The social aspect on the other hand, emanates from difficulties in the coordination of information, activities and stakeholders across several disciplines. The differences in views, values, perception and beliefs of various stakeholders introduce conflict: another challenge in resolving wicked environmental problems. The diversity and range of stakeholder values is normally a recipe for conflict in decision-making. There is often little consensus on what the problem is, let alone a general solution (Ritchey, 2005).This brings into sharp focus the issue of problem-framing. Disagreements on what the problem may be is often commonplace and arguably a major contributor to conflicts. For example, a water resource controversy in Colorado started over a proposed dam (Bingham, 1986).Some parties declined to participate in the discussion until the question of whether or not a dam was needed was answered. Others thought, a dam was the only way to solve the water shortage problem. However, asking the question how much water do we need? is crucial to understanding the problem at hand. The assumption of knowing the solution before exploring the problem further has mainly been associated with experts who may see new problems as exactly as old ones (Kaplan and Kaplan, 1982). Also, the difficulties in reconciling the different values and perception of stakeholders have left most environmental management issues engulfed in appeals and litigation. For example, Cape plc. and RTZ have been sued in British courts for environmental damage and for breach of employment rights in Africa. The growing disputes and litigation in environmental issues has made conflict resolution quite an important concept in environmental management. However, the presence of conflicting values, risk and uncertainty does not mean a definite decision cannot be taken. It only stresses the managers need to think beyond the traditional approach to problem framing and problem solving. As discussed earlier, the various interdependencies and multiple variables in wicked environmental problem makes change an inevitable phenomenon. Horst Rittel in his paper Dilemmas in General Theory of Planning explains that when dealing with wicked problems one must recognize that every wicked problem is a symptom of another problem. Considering the fact that ecosystems, societies, knowledge, technologies and public attitudes are so dynamic it is reasonable for management strategies and practices to be dynamic as well. Policies must continually be adapted to change as well as constructed for local application.Lindbloom (1979) suggests that the only way to ensure consistent progress in dynamic and uncertain situations is to take incremental steps that are bold enough to leave room for possible errors that enhance learning. Contributing to more wickedness is the challenge of uncertainty. Unfortunately, the complexity encountered in environmental and resource management leaves little or no choice than to make decisions in the face of uncertainty. In a complex open system like the environment, knowledge has limits and certainty is far-fetched. Wynne (1992) differentiates among four types of uncertainty: risk, uncertainty, ignorance and indeterminacy. Uncertainty plays outs in situations when the odds are not known. For instance, the contribution of greenhouse gases to global warming has been established however, the precise relationships and potential feedback mechanisms between parameters such as clouds, global air circulation, heat absorption by water, land and so on remain uncertain due to complexity. In essence, the recognition of the kinds of uncertainty may help to identify which plans or approaches are most appropriate. In view of the challenges wicked problems present, environmental management and policymaking must build resilience if it must be effective in mitigating the impact of wicked problems. Policymaking and practice must be adaptive to keep up with their ever changing nature. The complexity, uncertainty and conflict component must be catered for by carefully designing participatory processes that enhance learning. The next section of this essay will shed light on the management responses that must be considered to make policymaking and natural resource management effective for dealing with wicked problems. Adaptive management is one management strategy that can deal with scientific uncertainty and real world examples of its applicability are evident. The adaptive approach has been described as a learning approach that continually improves policy and practice in the face of uncertainty and a tool to frame philosophical, methodological and practical challenges that come with natural resource management (Holling, 1978). This approach has been recognized by international interdisciplinary efforts such as the sustainability science program (Clark and Dixon, 2003), the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) and the Equator Initiative of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP, 2005) as having the potential to deal with the complexity of socio ecological processes while enhancing learning. The effectiveness of adaptive management in some cases is not fully realized due to short term project frames, rigid targets and a focus on success prompt managers who use conventional methods thoug h encouraged by government rhetoric to make use of adaptive approaches (Allan and Curtis, 2005). To enhance the practicality of adaptive management, co- management has been brought in to cater for the social uncertainties and institutional barriers that may rise. This has led to adaptive co-management, an approach that combines adaptive and collaborative management. Here, rights and responsibilities are jointly shared to better combat the challenges that wicked problems may bring. Collaboration in essence, demonstrates the need for carefully designed public participation. Public participation has become an entrenched concept in the formulation, implementation and management of environmental issues owing to its suitability for addressing the interests of multiple stakeholders and reducing conflict. It is quite common to see National and subnational governments require the input of the public in managing and developing of environmental policy. An example being the US National Environmental Policy Act and the US Federal Advisory Committee Act. Thus, participation in decision-making is increasingly being regarded as a democratic right (Reed, 2008). Increasing calls for public participation rests on many factors including growing distrust of public institutions and officials, increasing legislative requirements for public participation, the complexity and uncertainty of contemporary problems, different risk perceptions and a growing recognition that decisions are not entirely scientific but social values and politics are inherent in all administrative deci sions. Participatory processes also have a challenge of identifying groups of stakeholders and bringing these interests together in an environment conducive for learning (Gray, 1989).It has also been associated with intensive resource commitments (money, time and human capital), prolonged decision making, reduced decision quality, increased conflict and diminished likelihood of a successful outcome (Steelman, 2001). However on the whole, participatory processes are assets rather than liabilities. A case study that demonstrates the ongoing success of adaptive management and participatory approach in Forest Management is Canadas Model Forest Program. To reduce uncertainty and complexity while promoting the development of innovative ideas and sustainability, the Federal government initiated Canadas model Forest Program in 1992. The Program consists of eleven model forests across Canada, selected to reflect the diversity of ecosystems and social systems present in Canadas Forest environment. Each model forest is designed to function as a living laboratory where novel integrated forest management techniques are researched, developed, applied and monitored in a transparent forum that engages and partners with stakeholders from environmental organizations, industry, native groups, educational and research institutions, community based associations, recreationists and landowners as well as all levels of government The success from this adaptive approach have been many and includes t he development of voluntary wetland conservation programs for private lands; establishment of protocols for reporting on socio economic indicators based on Statistics Canadas census data; developing an ecosystem-integrated resource management plan for the Province of Saskatchewan, production of a code of forestry practice to help landowners understand and apply the principles of sustainable forest management; establishment of the Grand River Reserve to protect three eco-regions and habitat for the endangered Newfoundland pine marten. The Precautionary approach is one possible response that proves very essential for dealing with wicked problems in the face of uncertainty and risk. Some scholars assert that it is a powerful tool for protecting human health and the environment under uncertain conditions (Cameron and Aboucher, 1991) whiles other think it is ill- defined, unscientific and of little value to policymaking (Manson, 2002). Still many nations have some form of precautionary principle in place when confronted with uncertain health risks though they may not explicitly refer to it (Zander, 2010). Under the precautionary principle, the absence or lack of evidence concerning the harmful nature of a substance or practice cannot serve as a justification for delaying action to regulate them (Raffensperger and Tickner, 1999). For example, the issue of global warming usually includes arguments that either favour business-as-usual or the precautionary principle. Opponents against the principle base their arguments on scientific uncertainty regarding how humans have contributed to climate change and the severity of effects that may occur. They generally advocate for further research to reduce the uncertainties before costly emission-reduction policies are implemented. Advocates of the precautionary approach on the other hand argue that the likely adverse effects of the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are serious enough to justify potentially costly regulation despite remaining uncertainties. Today, based on the precautionary principle various moves are being made to reduce the carbon footprint by investing in green technology. Though we do not know the outcome of these actions, it is prudent to try to mitigate its impact on future climatic conditions than do nothing at all. Indeed, the challenges wicked environmental problems present may seem overwhelming and daunting. However to combat these challenges, environmental managers must first realize that wicked problems have no single correct formulation and hence quit searching for one. They must also develop long term learning networks through adaptive management and carefully designed participatory processes that are truly flexible. Lastly, precaution must be utilized in planning processes to avoid creating more wicked problems in the future.