East vs West :: Comparative, Rukmani and Kenny

In Nectar in a Sieve, Rukmani and Kenny highlight the differences in the two cultures, showing how the two cultures have different standards for relationships and how Westerners try to change suffering and poverty while Easterners accept it. As Rukmani points out to Kenny, â€Å"Have I not so much sense to see that you are not one of us? You live and work here†¦ but this is not your country† (Markandaya 106). Kenny and Rukmani are friends, but their different values on subservience in relationships and suffering cause them to butt heads during most of their conversations. Rukmani and Kenny’s conversations show how Easterners value respect and reverence, while Westerners put and emphasis on equality. After Kenny helps her conceive, Rukmani bends down to kiss Kenny’s feet, thinking she is showing respect. Kenny doesn’t like it: â€Å"He withdrew [his feet] quickly and told me to get up. ‘I am not your benefactor’† (Markandaya 32). Similarly, Rukmani is hesitant to ask about Kenny’s family because it is personal: â€Å"Of himself he did not speak†¦ I held my tongue, for I felt to ask would be to offend him† (Markandaya 33). Both of these events show how the two cultures misunderstand each other. Kenny doesn’t like when Rukmani kisses his shoes because he doesn’t feel above her, but she is just trying to be nice. And Rukmani doesn’t understand what will and won’t offend Kenny because her culture doesn’t encourage asking personal questions. Their conversations show more deeply how each culture views marital relationships. Rukmani only sees Kenny for her fertility problems when her husband won’t find out; she believes he will be angry (Markandaya 21). She also only takes Ira to Kenny when her husband leaves town: â€Å"I (Rukmani) waited all day [to see you]. My husband will be back soon and the I cannot come† (Markandaya 59). Though she subverts it, Rukmani is limited by her belief she cannot disobey her husband. Instead, since she doesn’t ask his permission, she can’t break his rules. Kenny scorns this, saying, â€Å"You people will never learn. It is pitiful to see your foolishness† (Markandaya 59). In Kenny’s country, women have rights. They can even divorce their husbands, as Kenny’s wife does. Rukmani fails to understand how this woman can leave her husband and wonders if it’s Kenny’s long absences. They discuss women’s role, Rukmani says, â₠¬Å"A woman’s place is with her husband† Kenny replies, â€Å"You simplify everything†¦ Your views are so limited it is impossible to explain to you† (Markandaya 106).

Titration Lab

Lab Report: Titration Lab Prepare a solution of a given concentration; understand titration including acid-base reactions, pH, stoichiometry and molar equivalence. Chemicals and equipment: NaOH pellets close to purity, HCl 3M, phenolphtalein Beckers, flasks, burette, magnetic or manual stir pHmeter Waste management: The waste disposal will be handled through neutralization of your excess reactant to a pH between 4. 0 and 10. 0 and disposal with abundant rinsing. As a preparation for the lab you may want to practice with The experiment: We will do a titration in which the reaction type is acid-base.The equivalence point is characterized by a sharp change of pH which can be followed with a pHmeter. A graph of pH versus concentration will indicate the molar equivalence at the inflexion point of the curve. The point observed experimentally is never exactly the molar equivalence but a â€Å"best estimate† and is given the name â€Å"end point†. It is easier and cheaper to id entify the end point with an indicator instead a pHmeter. Some chemicals such as phenolphthalein will change color when the pH changes sharply between two given values called the indicator’s range.The range of phenolphthalein is 8. 3 to 10. 0. The shape of a pH curve varies widely with the type of reactants and needs to be taken into account when choosing an indicator. We will titrate a strong base (NaOH) of unknown concentration with a strong acid (HCl). The objective is to find the purity of NaOH pellets. The pellets are close to purity but not 100 % because NaOH is very hydrophilic and the pellets are likely to be slightly hydrated. The procedure: The first part of the laboratory experiment will be the preparation of the reactants and the choice of an indicator.You will need to prepare the analyte, a solution of NaOH, of a chosen concentration and volume and prepare a solution of HCl, the titrant, accordingly. Accordingly means that the end point should be reached after th e delivery of manageable volume. If a 50. ml burette is used the volume to be delivered should be between 15. ml and 40 ml. The chosen concentration of NaOH means the concentration of NaOH that you would obtain if the tablets were pure, with the understanding the objective of the titration is to give you a more accurate measurement that you will use to calculate the purity of the tablet.Acid-base chemistry tells us that the reaction between the hydronium and hydroxide ions is extensive and that the pH of the equivalence point should be close to 7. You will design a titration procedure indicating the reactants, the equipment, the data to be collected and the calculations. You will then proceed with two or three measurements depending on the precision of the first two. Your report will review the chemical background, present the data and the result and justify in your error analysis the number of significant figures of your reported concentration.Trial 2| | Initial Volume of HCL in bu rret 0. 1M| 50. 00 ml| Drops of phenolphtalein| 2| Volume of NaOh in beaker 0. 1M| 15. 0 ml| Final measurement after titration| 24. 4| Initial PH| 12. 8| Final PH| 6. 8| Data: Trial 1| | Initial Volume of HCL in burret 0. 1M| 50. 0ml| Drops of phenolphtalein| 2| Volume of NaOh in beaker 0. 1M| 15. 0ml| Final measurement after titration| 24. 3| Initial PH| 12. 9| Final PH| 6. 5| Calculations HCl + NaOH > NaCl + H2O moles HCl = moles NaOH MHCl  x volumeHCl  = MNaOH  x volumeNaOHMHCl  = MNaOH  x volumeNaOH  / volumeHCl MHCl  = 25. 00 ml x 1. 00 M / 50. 00 ml MHCl  = 0. 50 M HCl Conclusion A titration was performed using 50ml of 0. 1M HCl and appropriate amount of NaOH solution. Titration was repeated 2 times to find the amount of NaOH used to achieve endpoint. 24. 2 And 24. 5 is final measurement. The average of the trial is 24. 3 mL. The molarity of NaOH was found by using the M1V1 = M2V2 equation, resulting in 1. 1 M of NaOH. Discussion In the Titrations Lab, 50. 0 mL of 0. M HCl and appropriate amount of NaOH were titrated to find  the molarity of NaOH and the pH of the solution after x mL of NaOH has been added. The lab discussed the difference between equivalence point, the point at which the reaction between titrant and unknown is complete, and the endpoint, the point where the indicator turns color. The color change occurs when the concentration of more dominant form is ten times as great as the less dominant. However, color changes in a solution does not necessarily equal to the equivalence point.Equivalence point can be found by observing the indicator, or using a pH meter and finding midpoint of vertical line in the titration curve. Endpoints can be found by observing the color change of the indicator. The titration lab also involved indicators. Indicators are substances which undergoes a color change in the pH interval of the equivalence point, allowing physical observation of pH change. Most indicators are weak acids, so protons shif t from acid to conjugate base. The concentrations of indicators in a solution do not change molarity value.

Two Party Systems

Two Party Systems Introduction The federal elections of Australia were held on Saturday 21st august 2010 for the 43rd parliament of Australia. Labor party and the coalition of liberals/national each won 72 seats, thus each falling below the 76 majority required for election victory.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Two Party Systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This resulted in a hung parliament for the first time since the 1940’s election when these two parties started dominating Australia politics. Three independent M.P’s and national party of Western Australia M.P declared support for the labor party meaning labor party formed a minority government (Radio Australia 1). This essay looks at how the 2010 Australian federal elections have demonstrated that the two party systems are no longer relevant in the society. Definition A political party is an organization of people who share the same ideas of governance and who se members are committed to party goals. They also get candidates elected to office and have laws passed to aid in party management. There are three party systems which end up making one party state, two party states and multiparty states. Australia is a two party state system as two parties have been exchanging power since 1949. They are the liberal and labor parties though there are minority parties as well (George Standards Organization 1). Democracy is a political system operating under the principles of constitutionalism, representative government, majority rule, civilian rule and minority rights (Miami Dade College 1). Two party systems is an electoral arrangement in which two or more parties compete for the support of the electorate and control of the government. Each party has a chance of winning the election. Minority parties in a two party system do not have a chance of winning the election.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can he lp you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A two party contest is affected by realignments and to some extend the minority parties affect the two major parties by leading to a scenario as was witnessed in Australia (PSCI 1). Political institutions are concerned with the preservation of social order within a specified authority. Examples of political institutions include political parties, trade unions, lobby groups and special interest groups. These groups constitute and define the layers of the political process together with their interdependences (University of Munchen 1). History The two party systems started back in 1891 in Australia with the rise of the labor party as a political party in 1909 after the protectionist and free traders joined hands to form the party. In 1946, the modern liberal party was formed by Sir Robert Menzies. From then it has been about two political parties competing for public votes during elections over the years. The labor p arty is oldest party in Australia today and is a social democratic party that believes in government as a positive force in the community that is free to intervene in the operation of the economy to improve outcomes. The labor party also believes that all members of society should have access to quality and affordable housing as well as education and houses (Australia History 1). The liberal party believe advocates for sustainable equality, affirmative action, social and cultural rights, believes in government’s interference in individual’s lives to ensure justice is achieved. They favor interventionist, regulated market economic policies (Australia Politics 1). Irrelevance of two party systems to our society today The two parties have divided the Australian society into two fragments. The two parties have left the society with the choice of embracing either of the ideologies of the parties making it a bit unfair as there are no varieties of ideologies apart from the t wo ideologies from the labor and liberal parties.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Two Party Systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More From 1949 to date, the two major political parties have being playing an endless game of tug-of-war. The major reason for the constant switching back and forth between these two parties appears to be that the country has different needs at different times and voters tend to alternate these two parties according to their needs (Social Welfare 1). The switching of needs is not considered a good idea as those ideas which will act as the opportunity cost will still be needed to be implemented in the society. It has been argued out that the ideologies presented by both parties are significant for the growth of the Australian society and thus the two party systems which dictates that one system has to be adopted does not actually enhance justice by the fact that it denies the society one of the choices that they need (Conservative 1). Liberals believe in sustainable equality, affirmative action, social and cultural rights; they also believe in government’s interference in individual’s lives to ensure justice is achieved. They favor interventionist and regulated market economic policies (Liberal Party of Australia 1). The labor party believes in formal equality and that everyone should be treated equally under the law and government. They also believe in laissez –faire market economic policies and individuals controlling their own lives (Martin 1). Concerning the politics in Australia, it has been argued that: There can be no argument about the ubiquity, pervasiveness and centrality of party in Australia. The forms, processes and content of politics– executive, parliament, pressure groups, bureaucracy, issues and policymaking – are imbued with the influence of party, party rhetoric, party policy, and party doctrine. Government is party government. Elections are essentially party contests and the mechanics of electoral systems are determined by party policies and party advantages. Legislatures are party chambers. Legislators are overwhelmingly party members. The majority of electors follow their party identification. Politics in Australia, almost entirely, are party politics. (Marsh 1)Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The two party systems were based on electoral and organizational foundations. It is where activists and interest groups were brought together through party forums. Activists and special interest groups were allowed into party conferences and committees to influence formation of strategic political agenda. Actually the parties through the party brands gave enough cues for the formation of opinion by most electors on most issues. This led to strategic policy developments which were internalized within the two major parties. Today, these developments that greatly shaped the strong foundational features of the bi-party system dominance have been undermined and in some instances left out completely (Rush 1). The Australian society is growing in diversity shown by the proliferation of interest groups and social movements. These new groups of social movements show citizen identities’ in a new diversity not experienced before. These groups are not equal in terms of size, political sk ills, budgets, organizational sophistication and campaigning capacities. These groups are durable and they represent and sustain an interest for a long time seeking to persuade the undecided. These groups of organizations fill the void between the two political parties and the community. Most of these new groups advocate either for new issues or are defenders of traditional approaches like the anti-abortion and anti-euthanasia groups. Hence, party activists nowadays don’t have strong allegiance to one or other party and the way issues are introduced in the national stage has shifted. Today party forums are no longer the principal ground for activists. Party’s internal process no longer provides the means for acceptability of proposals or for seeding opinion formation (Marsh 1). The two party systems tend to distort national capabilities to mostly inform the public on long term issues. There are three different restraints that work towards derailing an informed discussi on on long term issues. They arise from the dynamics of the electoral contest between the two parties, second is the way the formal system distributes responsibilities of dealing with long term issues and lastly information available to guide public opinion about policy needs and priorities (Marsh 1). The two party systems has brought in one major deficiency in the form of fake enmity where the government declares a contentious issue to be white and public opinion is mostly divided or uncertain; the likely outcome is that the opposition will declare it to be black. As in early times, if the opposition was the government today, they would have supported a similar approach (March 1). What happens is that when public opinion is divided, the opposition tends to see this as a chance to gain from the public by going the popular way by championing contrasting views even if what they are championing for is not all that good for the public; all they care for is political impact (Australia Po litics 1). Today there is an â€Å"overlap in and convergence between the agendas of political parties and the initiative in promoting agendas is shared with other organizations. Issues only come to the arena after the government has decided what to do which encourages posturing and attention to electoral advantage† (Australia Politics 1). This leads to the two major political parties creating differences even when they do not exist hence these two major parties make issues that they know will shift debate away from matters that lack national importance (Australia Politics 1). The two party competition systems has also led to the inability to have public conversation and debates about long term issues mostly caused by organizational features of the formal making structure (Theodore and Romance 20). This is caused by an executive overload where a small number of people determine what issues will have standing on the formal political agenda. The leaders involved in setting the agenda include the prime minister, senior ministers and heads of major coordinating departments. Their work involves day to day running of the country and ministerial work plus running the departments and yet they control the recognition and management of strategic issues which later translates to a weak capacity of the system to process issues mostly in a strategic phase (March 1). The second deficiency of the two party systems lies in lack of access for interests groups and social movements to engage the attention of the formal system. These groups do have access and means to bring out and argue their issues but they face two problems (Disch 23). The first problem arises when they are arguing their case one-on-one basis and second is when such access is highly imbalanced. A good illustration is where regular access is given to the chief executive officers of Australian banks having access to the federal treasurer; this access is not granted to consumer organizations or the unions. The other problem arises where groups advocating a particular course of action have no venue where their views can be tested against those of others. This leads to sustained lobbying campaigns to develop public pressure as their views are not heard by the major parties (Marsh 1). When there is a disconnect between the two political parties, a challenge arises in the form of focusing on specific party disagreements which leads to lack of focus on important national issues and long term issues: â€Å"the corrupt farce that is our two-party system should be dismantled; parties give us temptations to attack opponents, become demagogues, and garner followers, distracting us from seeking the true good of the country† (Conservative 1). The two-party setup in Australia has divided the nation among two lines. Having names and labels for different political persuasions can be helpful, but they have too often led to pigeonholing and name-calling which hampers a free exchange of ideas. â€Å"Liberal and labor, conservative and liberal, right and left† (Conservative 1) have degenerated into terms used to ostracize and vilify the opposition and to stifle discussion of topics deemed politically incorrect. Conclusion The two parties system is comprised and does not offer the best choice for the public. It has been seen that this system offers a nation two choices to choose from. In such kind of a situation, the public has to forgo one of the options which might not necessarily be wrong. There is a need for the system to be changed as the two parties system does not seem to fully address the issues affecting a nation. The issue of the party having equally votes after elections have been carried out also matters and such a tie is not likely to happen in case of a single party system or a multi-party system. Australian History. Australian History: Political History. Australian History, n.d. Web. Australian Politics. Federal Elctions. Australia Politics, 2011. Web . https://australianpolitics.com/ Conservative. Conservative Intellectual, 2011. Political Cortex, 2007. Web. Disch, Lisa. The tyranny of the two-party system. New York: Prentice Hall, 2002. Print. Georgia Standards Organisation. Politics. Georgia standards, n.d. https://www.georgiastandards.org/Pages/default.aspx Liberal party of Australia. Politics. Party Politics. Liberal party of Australia, n.d. Web. https://www.liberal.org.au/ Marsh, Ian. what-next-for-the-two-party-system. CPD Organization, 2010. Web. https://cpd.org.au/2010/08/what-next-for-the-two-party-system/ Martin, Nick. Australia Politics. ALP, 2011. Web. https://www.alp.org.au/ Miami Dade College. Political Economic System. Miami Dade College, 2005. Web. PSCI. Two Party Sytem. PSCI, 2011. Web. http://politicalscience.unt.edu/ Radio Australia. Australia Politics. Radio Australia, 2011. Web. https://www.abc.net.au/radio-australia/ Rush, Ian. Politics. Australia Politics, 2011. Web. Social Welfare. The Two Party System. S ocial Welfare, 2011. Web. intellectualconservative.com/ Theodore, Lowi and Romance, Joseph. A republic of parties: debating the two-party system. New York: Cengage Learning, 1998. Print. University of Munchen. Politics. University of Munchen, 2005. May 25, 2011. https://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3165/1/Boerner_Kira_Astrid.pdf

What is there to investigate Essays

What is there to investigate Essays What is there to investigate Essay What is there to investigate Essay I am going to investigate the effect of how friction acts on a cylinder rolling across a carpet after going down a ramp at a selected angle.Here is a diagram of the apparatus that I will use:Apparatus (The set-up of the items that Im going to use)What it all means and what I will need to measureCylinder 1,2 and 3 represent one cylinder at different stages. Cylinder 1 is the starting point of the cylinder. Cylinder 2 is just before the cylinder goes onto the carpet. Cylinder 1s Potential Energy and Cylinder 2s Kinetic energy are the same value. Cylinder 3 is where the Cylinder has stopped. I will measure the distance that the Cylinder has rolled from the carpet (d), after the Cylinder has left the ramp. I will also measure the height (perpendicular to the carpet) at which the Cylinder falls from. I may also need to measure the mass of the Cylinder. This will help us to work out the potential and kinetic energy. But I wont have to do this till a later stage.Howe ver, I will not need to measure the angle of the slope, because that will always stay the same through out the test (We had to choose one of eight slots in which to put the ramp. If it did not stay the same, it would be an angle versus distance and we are trying to find out height (h) versus distance).Method1. I will set-up the apparatus how it is shown in the diagram.2. I make sure the carpet is right in-line with the ramp.3. I make a rough table of results (in the back of my neat book) making the column headers Height of Ramp and Distance Rolled by the Cylinder4. Then, with a small ruler, measure the height of the place on the ramp where I will start to roll the cylinder from, and make a little mark.5. I write the h (height) in the necessary row.6. I put the cylinder onto the ramp. I let the cylinder go.7. When the cylinder stops rolling on the carpet, I will take the metre ruler, and make sure that the start of the ruler is on exactly the start of the carpet, and I will measure h ow far the cylinder rolls.8. I will write the distance in the correct row and column.9. I then will take another place on the ramp 0.5cm lower.10. I now will repeat steps 4-9 until I have a height of about 0.8cm.11. Then I will copy the results up in neatWhat I Will and will not MeasureI will measure the distance that the Cylinder has rolled from the carpet, after the Cylinder has left the ramp. I will also measure the height (perpendicular to the carpet) at which the Cylinder falls from. I may also need to measure the mass of the Cylinder. This will help us to work out the potential and kinetic energy. But I wont have to do this till a later stage.However, I will not need to measure the angle of the slope, because that will always stay the same through out the test (We had to choose one of eight slots in which to put the ramp. If it did not stay the same, it would be an angle versus distance and we are trying to find out height versus distance). I will also not need to measure the length of the slope.I think what will happen is that the height will be directly proportional to the distance rolled by the cylinder, but I must prove it.What is some Science Involved?Some science involved in this is that the kinetic energy at the bottom of the ramp where the cylinder rolled is equal to the potential energy at the top of where you have started to roll the cylinder. Right in the middle of where you started and the end of the ramp; the Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy are the same.When rolling on the carpet, all the Potential Energy has gone, but there is heat energy. This is caused by friction. In this experiment, two things are affected by friction.The greater the friction there is between the ball and the surface upon which it is rolling, the more quickly it will stop moving. The smoothness of the carpet will also affect how long it will take the ball to stop rolling, for example, smooth sand compared to sand with bumps so make sure all surfaces are as level as possible. In this case the carpet is not very smooth so there will be more friction.PredictionMy prediction will be that the more height there is from the carpet the further the cylinder travels. Therefore they will be proportional.Science involved?If the height doubles, the so does the distance rolled. So what I will use is the distance rolled divide by height. The reason is because when I do this, I predict the answer will be repeated all the time (e.g. if the height is 7 and the distance is 70, D/H would be 10, and if the height was 6, Id expect the distance to be 60, because 60/6=10.)A bit of Working out to Test the PredictionP.E=Potential Energy, m=mass, g=gravity, h= height, f=force, d=distance.P.E=mgh and P.E=fdTherefore mgh=fdI have predicted that h will be directly proportional to d, so mg must be proportional to f.An example: M=0.1, G=10, H= 0.05cm, F=0.083333FD = 0.05 JD = 0.05/0.083333D =0.60If this example is the correct formula, then I have it.Preliminary ResultsThese are the preliminary results:Height of Ramp (cm)Distance (cm)6.8815.3653.8472.3270.87I will collect 13 results. This means I will release the cylinder 13 times at regular intervals of 0.5cm (39 in total because I will collect the reading three times and take the average distance.What have I done?I obtained all the readings at 1.5cm intervals from the heights 0.8cm 6.8cm, which covered a good range because it is measured right from the bottom of the ramp and from the top of the ramp (with the same angle).What will I do?I will obtain all the readings at 0.5cm intervals from the heights 0.8cm 6.8cm, that covers a good range because it is measured right from the bottom of the ramp and from the top of the ramp (with the same angle).Were there any problems? If so what will I do?There were quite a few problems. Some problems that appeared were that:1. There was a drop in between the end of the ramp and carpet. This would not be a fair test because a drop would mean a sort of bounce, which would slow the cylinder down rapidly. What I will do overcome this problem was to place three equal size books, which ensures that there is no drop to the carpet.2. I also think there would have been some human error, but this would be a very minor, e.g. you may accidentally push the cylinder slightly.3. You may start the cylinder in slightly the wrong place. There a big range in the results so I will take the reading three times, and then I will work out the average.What will I do with the Readings to test the prediction?I will make a hand-drawn line graph to show Height v Distance. Distance will be on the x-axis because that is the thing I am trying to find out. On the y-axis will be the height because I can change that manually. I will then draw in the line of best fit. If the graph goes through 0,0 and is straight, then my prediction will be right.I have done a computer graph just to test my prediction. But this is not the final Graph.This is the Computer Graph:It is almost a v ery straight graph and very nearly goes through 0,0. This is only the preliminary graph and it looks right (according to my prediction.)Height of Ramp (cm)Distance (cm)6.8826.3765.8705.3654.8604.3543.8473.3402.8352.3281.8221.3150.89From the evidence I have obtained, I can see straight away that the higher the cylinder is up the ramp, the further the cylinder goes on the carpet. For every 0.5 of a centimetre the height increases, the height increases by 5, 6 or 7 (Average of 6.1666666666.).The speed that the Cylinder rolls down the ramp at can be found by firstly finding the kinetic energy (KE). The KE at the bottom of the ramp is the same as the PE at the top of the ramp. The mass of the cylinder was 250g. The height of the ramp was 6.8 cm. The length of it was 55 cm.KE gained = PE lostPE lost = mgh.PE lost =0.25 x 10 x .068PE lost =0.17JKE gained =0.17JKE =1/2mvà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.17J =1/2 x 0.25 x và ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.17J =0.125 x và ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Và ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =0.17 / 0.125Và ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =1.36m/s V = 1.36VELOCITY =1.1661m/sThe acceleration can be worked out: (và ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½=uà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+2as)(a=và ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½-uà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½)2sS (Distance) :0.55mU (Initial velocity) :0V (Final velocity) :1.16m/sA (Acceleration)* :?T (Time) :*Where a is a constantvà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½=uà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+2as1.36 = 0 + 2(A x 0.55)1.36 = 2(0.55 x A)a = 1.36 / 1.1ACCELERATION = 1.2 m/sà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ (1d.p)Now, we can now work out the deceleration on the carpet.S:0.82mU:1.16m/sV:0m/sA:?T:và ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½=uà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+2as0à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½=1.16à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+ 2(82 x a)0 =1.36 + 1.64a-1.36= 1.64aa = -1.36 / 1.64DECELERATION = 0.8296m/sà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½The time taken for the cylinder to roll between the foot of the ramp and the place where the cylinder stops can be worked out:S:0.82mU:1.16m/sV:0m/sA:0.8296m/sà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½T:S=1/2(u+v)t0.82=1/2 x (1.16 +0)t0.82=0.58tt=0.82/0.58TIME=1.413sIt takes the cylinder 1.413s to stop.That is when the cylinder is released at 6.8cm highWhen the same cylinder is released at 3.3cm high, the velocity of the cylinder can be worked out:PE lost = mgh.PE lost =0.25 x 10 x .033PE lost =0.0825JKE gained =0.0825JKE =1/2mvà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½KE =0.08250.0825 =1/2 x 0.25 x và ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.0825 =0.125 x và ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.0825 / 0.125 =và ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½và ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =0.66m/sVELOCITY =0.812 m/sThe acceleration can be worked out: (và ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½=uà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+2as)(a=và ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½-uà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½)2sS (Distance) :0.27mU (Initial velocity) :0V (Final velocity) :0.8m/s (1d.p)A (Acceleration)* :?T (Time) :*Where a is a constantvà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½=uà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+2as, a=và ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½-uà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2sa =0.660.44ACCELERATION =1.2m/sà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ (1d.p)The deceleration on the carpet can be worked out(a = và ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½-uà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½)2sS:0. 40U:0.812m/sV:0A:T:a=và ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½-uà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2sa= -0.6590.8DECELERATION= 0.8m/sà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ (1d.p)The time for this need to be worked outS:0.40U:0.81m/sV:0A:0.8T:?S=1/2(u+v)t0.4 = 1/2 x (0.81+0)t0.4 =0.405tt =0.4/0.405TIME =0.99sAnother example is when the cylinder was released at 1.8cm hig h. The velocity can be worked out:PE lost = mgh.PE lost =0.25 x 10 x 0.018PE lost =0.045JKE gained =0.045JKE =1/2mvà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.045 =1/2 x 0.25 x và ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.045 =0.125và ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½và ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =0.045 / 0.125và ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ =0.36VELOCITY =0.6m/sThe acceleration on the ramp can be worked out:(và ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½=uà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½+2as)Or: a = và ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½-uà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2sS:0.15mU:0m/sV:0.6m/sA:?T:a=0.360.3ACCELERATION = 1.2m/sThe deceleration on the carpet can be worked out:S:0.22U:0.6m/sV:0A:?T:a = và ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½-uà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2sa = -0.360.44DECELERATION= 0.8m/sà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ (1.d.p)The time for this can also be worked out:S=1/2(u+v)tS:0.22U:0.6m/sV:0A:0.8m/sà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½T:0.22 =1/2(0.6+0)t0.22 =0.3tt =0.22/0.3TIME= 0.73333.sCylinder released at 6.8cmCylinder released at 3.3 cmCylinder released at 1.8cmVelocity at the end of the Ramp1.17m/s0.81m/s0.6m/sAcceleration on Ramp1.2 m/sà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.2 m/sà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.2 m/sà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Deceleration on carpet0.8 m/sà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.8 m/sà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.8 m/sà ƒ ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Time taken to stop1.4 sec0.99sec0.7333secThe most obvious things to spot are that the acceleration and the deceleration are the same all the time. This is because there is the same gradient slope is the same and the force of gravity is the same.To get the velocity for a certain height, I have created a formula:It is the height at which the cylinder falls from, divided by 5, and then square root that numberOr: (h/5) = velocityTo find the time taken to stop, you do: height at which the cylinder falls from, divided by 5, and then square root that number and then multiply it by 1.21.2 (h/5)So, I predict that on a cylinder where the height of where it falls is 4.3 cm, the speed of the cylinder at the of the ramp is:4.3/5=0.860.86 =0.927m/sThe time taken for it to stop on the carpet is0.927 x 1.2= 1.112s.The results that I got agree with my earlier prediction because I said, My prediction will be that the more height there is from the carpet the further the cylinder travels. Th erefore they will be proportional. If the height doubles, the so does the distance rolled. So what I will use is the distance rolled divide by height. The reason is because when I do this, I predict the answer will be repeated all the time (e.g. if the height is 7 and the distance is 70, D/H would be 10, and if the height was 6, Id expect the distance to be 60, because 60/6=10.) I was right about this because:When the cylinder was dropped at 6.8cm, it went 82cmWhen the cylinder was dropped at 2.3cm, it went 2882/6.8 = 12.1 (1d.p)28/2.3 = 12.2 (1d.p)They are not exact, but this is de to slight human error, perhaps placing the cylinder 1 or 2mm from the actual starting place.From my graph (Distance travelled by cylinder on carpet versus Height of the Ramp), I saw that the points would not join in a straight line. But then I drew in the line of best fit. This line goes through 0,0 and is straight, so my prediction was right.My conclusion is that for every single millimetre that the cyl inder gets moved higher on the ramp, as long as there is a slope, the more distance the cylinder will travel on the carpet. This is because of gravity, which has a weight of 10N (9.8N). There is friction that is caused by the rolling of the cylinder on the carpet. The Kinetic Energy at the bottom is the same as the Potential Energy at the top. Potential Energy is the same as mass x gravity x height, force x distance. Kinetic Energy is the same as 1/2mass x velocityà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½By working out the Kinetic energy you could work out a lot of other things such as:* Velocity at the end of the Ramp* Acceleration on Ramp* Deceleration on carpet* Time taken to stop on the carpetTo sort out the drop in between the end of the ramp and carpet, the way to get out of that hurdle was simple. You had to place some things (I used 3 books) underneath the carpet, and should make the carpet in line with the bottom of the ramp. You should use something hard and flat (for smoothness).I have found out that the acceleration and, on the same slope, (deceleration on a flat surface), with the same cylinder, will always be the same in m/sà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½.The further down a cylinder is on a slope, the faster it goes.Although the points on the graph are not exactly in a straight line, they are very close to being on a straight line. There are 3 possible inaccuracies in this experiment:* While one is releasing the cylinder on the ramp, he can inadvertently push or hinder the cylinder. Also, one may not place the cylinder on the ramp in exactly a straight line* The distance is only measured to the nearest centimetre and is subject to rounding up or down* The surface where the distance is measured may not be uniform so there is excessive or reduced friction.I think the method I used was good because the graph shows an almost perfect fit.It would be unlikely that these results would just be a coincidence.ConclusionThrough this evidence, a firm conclusion can be drawn, especially from the graph.The higher the cylinder is dropped from, the further the cylinder rolls on the carpet. The evidence of this is firmly supported by the graph. The graph was a straight line going, (or very close to) through 0,0.ImprovementsThe follow improvements would be recommended:* There should be a mechanism that holds the cylinder in place on the ramp, and at the intended height, the cylinder can be released without aiding or hindering it.* The ground surface must be uniform.* There should be a mechanism, which ensures that the cylinder is in a straight line at the release of it.* A computerised device that measures the distance in millimetres, or even micrometers could measure the distance that the cylinder travels.* The cylinder should be a perfect cylinder with perfect grooves or dents.Further workOne could:* For each point on the ramp, repeat the experiment ten times, and then take the average.* One could do the experiment with different sorts of cylinderso Wooden cylinderso Different metal cyl inderso Hollow cylinderso Different sized cylinders* One could repeat the experiment but instead of cylinders, one could use different spheres.Viren Shah GCSE Physics coursework Cylinder going down a ramp.

History of Classroom Inclusion essays

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Leadership Profile on Oprah Winfrey Research Paper

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Japanese Great Armor Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Japanese Great Armor Analysis - Research Paper Example The covering was chiefly worn by the higher positioning samurai on horseback. The lower positioning officers had covering that was like the Ã… -yoroi, however had less segments, was lighter, and failed to possess the embellishing markings of the higher positioning samurai1. The majority of the data thought about the Ã… -yoroi is taking into account the covering of the higher-positioning authorities since the shield was either given to a sanctuary as an offering or kept up by the relatives of the first wearer. Large portions of the first segments of the Ã… -yoroi still in presence have been supplanted after some time because of the things being lost or harmed. The few remaining cases of Ã… -yoroi are on showcase in galleries in a few distinctive nations. There are additionally a couple of cases of Ã… -yoroi in Shinto sanctums where they have been kept up and secured for quite a long time. Therefore, it can be said that the yoroi was for only the rich in the society and was seclud ed for the chosen few. It may have signified royalty as well. The essential parts of the Ã… -yoroi and other samurai protection are referred to altogether as the "hei-no-rokugu" or essentially "rokugu," which implies six articles of arms. The six noteworthy segments are the dÃ…  (midsection reinforcement), kabuto (protective cap), menpo (facial shield), kote(armoured sleeves), sune-consumed (shin covering), and the hai-date (thigh defensive layer). One particular propel over prior shields is that the kozane of Ã… -yoroi are initially bound together and afterward secured with polish, which improves imperviousness to corrosion. The dÃ…  of the Ã… -yoroi is one of a kind from later models in light of the fact that it is made out of two different parts rather than one piece with an opening as an afterthought or again of the dÃ…  to permit the samurai to put on the protection. The samurai class, speaking of a negligible seven to ten percent of the